植物生长调节剂对马铃薯叶片生理代谢及产量品质的影响

大田栽培条件下,以马铃薯克新13为材料,叶面喷施植物生长调节剂2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,简称DTA-6)、缩节安(Mepiquat chloride,简称DPC)以及烯效唑(Uniconazole,简称S3307),研究植物生长调节剂对马铃薯叶片生理代谢及产量、品质形成的影响。结果表明:在马铃薯块茎膨大期喷施植物生长调节剂,均显著增加了单薯重、淀粉产量和鲜薯产量,其中,以DTA-6调控效果为最佳,单薯重、淀粉产量、鲜薯产量和淀粉含量比CK分别增加了10.40%、40.26%、26.56%和11.32%,块茎还原糖含量比CK降低了20%。此外,调节剂处理均提高了马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和细胞间隙CO_2浓度,加快了叶片的光合作用,各指标与产量之间呈正相关。随着时间的推移,各处理的叶片淀粉和蔗糖含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,淀粉酶活性呈降低的变化趋势,调节剂对叶片蔗糖转化酶活性的调控效果呈不同规律的变化。总体而言,调节剂均提高了马铃薯产量,改善了块茎品质,其中DTA-6处理效果最佳。

Effects of plant growth regulators on leaf physiology, yield and quality of potato

Field experiment with potato Kexin-13 as material was conducted, and spraying of three chemical regulators, 2-N, N-diethylamino ethylcaproate (DTA-6), mepiquat chloride (DPC) and uniconazole (S3307) were performed. The results showed that PGRs significantly increased per tuber weight, starch yield and fresh yield. Among them, DTA-6 treatment showed positive effect, with the weight of tuber, the yield of starch, the yield of fresh potato and the content of starch increased by 10.40%, 40.26%, 26.56% and 11.32%, respectively, whereas the content of reducing sugar reduced by 20%. In addition, PGRs enhanced chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and intercellular CO₂ concentration, thus having higher photosynthetic activity. Photosynthetic index was positively correlated with yield. The starch and sucrose content showed downward and upward trend, and the amylase activity decreasing trend. The invertase activity showed different pattern. Our findings indicated that PGRs increased yield and improved quality, and DTA-6 treatment is recommended.