皱肋文蛤人工育苗技术的研究

笔者于2010年5月～9月对皱肋文蛤（Meretrix lyrata）人工育苗技术进行了研究。试验结果表明,以底播埋养＋投喂生态饵料＋鸡蛋黄组合培育亲贝,促熟效果最好,亲贝生殖腺覆盖率达80%以上的个体占90.5%;采用阴干3 h＋升温4℃刺激对亲贝进行诱导催产,效果最佳,受精率和孵化率分别可达89.7%和92.3%;浮游幼虫在3个室外池中培养7 d后,幼虫进入变态期,平衡囊大而明显,足部活动频繁,平均壳长和壳高分别达176.2μm和165.4μm,幼虫平均壳长和壳高生长速度分别为8.34μm.d-1和8.77μm.d-1;幼虫附着基以细沙采苗效果最佳,附着变态成为稚贝的时间约3 d,附苗率达78.2%;经过32 d的培育,在3个25 m2的水池中共培育稚贝1 293.6×104粒,平均壳长和壳高分别为790μm和758μm,平均壳长和壳高生长速度分别为17.63μm.d-1和17.19μm.d-1,平均稚贝育成率为61.6%。

Studies on artificial breeding of Meretrix lyrata

We had studied the artificial breeding of Meretrix lyrata from May to September, 2010. The results show that it is best for its mature acceleration by adopting methods of bottom sowing culture in sand, ecological feeding and egg yolk, and 90. 5% individuals have a coverage rate of gonads over 80%. It is best for its spawning inducement by adopting the methods of shade drying for 3 h and temperature rising by 4~C. The fertilization rate and hatching rate reach 89.7% and 92.3%, respectively. After being cultured in 3 outdoor pools for 7 d, the planktonic larvae enter period of metamorphosis, whose statocyst is big and apparent, with frequent foot movement. The average shell length （ growth rate 8.34 ~m.d-1 ） and shell height （ growth rate 8.77~m＇d -~ ） of larvae are 176.2 Ixm and 165.4 ~m, respectively. With sand as the attachment substance, the larvae complete metamorphosis in 3 d, whose attaching rate of spats reaches 78.2%. Moreover, 1 293.6 × 104 spats are cultured in 3 pools （25 m2） after 32 d, whose average shell length （growth rate 17.63 μm.d-1 ） and shell height （growth rate 17. 19 μm.d-1 ） are 790 ixm and 758 μm, respectively, with an average incubation rate of 61.6%.