食物安全的内涵、指标与评价方法综述

食物安全问题一直是国内外研究的热点。目前,全球食物安全面临严重挑战,前景并不乐观。作为世界上人口和食物消费最大的国家,中国的食物安全面临更大挑战,但对其认识学术界还存在争论。为了准确把握食物安全的内涵,科学评价中国食物安全的状况,首先分析了食物安全概念的演变,然后总结了评价食物安全状况的供需平衡指标、消费指标、营养指标、综合指标,以及评价粮食安全状况的常用指标。随着人民生活水平的提高,中国的食物结构发生了根本的改变,因此,今后食物安全的研究应由单纯的粮食安全转向包括所有食物种类的食物安全,内容应更注重食物综合保障能力及营养安全。

A Review on Concept, Indicators and Evaluation Methods of Food Security

Food security is a research hotspot at home and abroad. At present, global food security is facing serious challenges and the prospect is not optimistic. As the biggest country of population and food consumption in the world, China is confronted with greater challenges in food security, for which there exist debates in Chinese academia. In order to accurately understand the connotation of food security to scientifically evaluate China''s food security status, changes in the concept of food security were firstly analyzed, and then food demand balance indicators, consumption indicators, nutrition indicators, comprehensive indicators, as often used to evaluate food security, as well as the general indicators for evaluating grain safety were summarized. With improvement of people''s living standard, food structure in China has changed fundamentally, thus, the food security research in the future should be transformed from focusing on only grains to whole food system by including all kinds of food, with more attention paid to the assessment of comprehensive food guarantee capability and nutrition security.