粮食作物种质资源的品质特性及其利用

 报道了我国“七五”、“八五”、“九五”期间 ,对水稻、小麦、大麦、燕麦、荞麦、玉米、谷子、黍稷、高粱、蚕豆、豌豆、绿豆、小豆、豇豆和普通菜豆等 15种粮食作物近 10万份种质资源品质性状的鉴定结果 ;总结了各种作物粗蛋白、粗脂肪、赖氨酸、总淀粉、直链淀粉和支链淀粉的变异范围 ;分析了一些水稻材料的糊化温度和胶稠度 ,一些小麦材料的沉淀值、硬度和容重 ,一些大麦材料的无蛋白提取物和糖化力 ,燕麦的油酸和亚油酸 ,荞麦的维生素E和PP ,玉米的油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸 ,谷子的维生素B1、B2 和E ,高粱的鞣酸等的变异范围。结果表明 ,各种作物各个品质性状指标的变异范围都很大。利用现有种质资源选育优质品种 ,对发展名特优食品潜力很大。还列举了不同用途的优质品种

Quality Characteristics of Germplasm Resources of Food Crops and Their Utilization

Nearly 100 000 accessions of germplasm resources of 15 different food crops were evaulated for quality characteristics during the period of the 7th, 8th, and 9th Five year plan in China. These crops include rice, wheat, barley, oats, buckwheat, corn, foxtail millet, broom millet, sorghum, faba bean, pea, mung bean, red bean, cowpea and common bean. Analysis on the verification data indicated that the quality trait indexes of all evaluated crops showed high variation. The variation range of crude protein, crude fat, lysine, total starch, amylose and amylopectin of most crops was described in this paper. So was the variation range of protein free extraction and saccharogenic power of some barley varieties, oleic aid and linoleic acid of oats, Vitamin E and niacin of buckwheat, oleic aid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid of maize, Vitamin B 1, Vitamin B 2 and Vitamin E of millet and tannin content of sorghum. Therefore, there are great potentialities for selection in the germplasm resources available for good varieties and development of famous precious special foods. The good varieties with different uses are listed.