基于暴雨洪水管理模型的铁路车站片区雨洪模拟及低影响开发效果评价

目的]减轻西北地区高速铁路车站片区建设过程引起的水资源矛盾问题,实现铁路车站片区雨水的积存、渗透和净化,促进雨水资源的利用和生态环境保护,实现高速铁路绿色施工。方法]以甘肃省兰州市西客站为研究对象,采用暴雨洪水管理模型(SWMM)研究了传统开发下的雨水径流效应,并对采用生物滞留池、透水铺装、绿色屋顶及生物滞留池+透水铺装+绿色屋顶组合措施方案3种低影响开发(LID)方案进行了模拟。结果]不同LID措施均能有效削减径流总量、洪峰流量、溢水量及延后峰现时间,其中组合LID方案的控制效果最佳,对洪峰流量和径流总量削减率高达75.9%和41.6%;透水铺装和生物滞留池对洪峰流量和径流总量的削减效果较显著;绿色屋顶单独铺设时,雨洪控制效果较差。结论]合理采用LID措施可以有效地实现雨水的可持续管理,减小铁路车站片区的洪涝灾害。

Rainfall Flood Simulation and Low Impact Development Effect Evaluation of Railway Station Area Based on Stormwater Management Model

Objective] Rainfall accumulation, penetration, and purification are implemented in a railway station area to alleviate the barrier of water resources caused by the construction of a high-speed railway station in Northwest China. The aim is to promote the utilization of rainfall resources and ecological environment protection and achieve the sustainable construction of a high-speed railway.Methods] The west railway station in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province was selected for this study. Based on stormwater management model(SWMM), the rainwater runoff effect were analyzed under traditional development conditions, after the independent implementation of a biological retention pool, permeable pavement, and green roof, and after the combined implementation of the three measures above. The three low impact development (LID) measures were simulated.Results] Different LID measures can effectively reduce total runoff, flood peak flow, overflow, and delayed peak time. The combined LID measures had the best control effect, and the total flood rate and runoff reduction rate reached a maximum of 75.9% and 41.6%, respectively. The permeable pavement and bioretention ponds had a significant effect on the reduction of flood peak flow and total runoff; when the green roof was implemented separately, the storm flood control effect was weak.Conclusion] The use of LID measures can effectively result in the sustainable management of rainwater and reduce flood disasters in railway station areas.