有机肥替代化肥对大棚西瓜产量及品质的影响

为实现响水地区化肥减量及西瓜优质高产的目标,以大棚西瓜为试材,研究在等氮条件下有机肥不同比例(30%,60%,90%)替代部分化肥对其产量、糖分含量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:采取有机肥替代部分化肥的施肥措施,西瓜产量有所提高,替代量越大,产量越高,90%替代较对照产量差异达显著水平;西瓜长势较好,主茎长度、叶片数和节位数增加;西瓜糖分含量提高,30%替代糖分最高,较对照增加5.23%;土壤有效磷、速效钾都随有机肥替代量的增加而增加。综合产量、品质等因素,大棚西瓜有机肥部分替代化肥量以30%～60%最佳。

Effects of Replacing Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Watermelon in Greenhouse

Abstract: In order to achieve the goal of chemical fertilizer reduction and high quality and high yield of watermelon in Xiangshui county, the effect of different proportion organic fertilizer (30%, 60%, 90%) instead of partial chemical fertilizer on the yield, sugar content and soil fertility of watermelon in greenhouse under the condition of equal nitrogen were studied. The results showed that under the treatment of replacing partial chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer, the yield of watermelon increased, the greater the amount of substitution, the higher the yield. When the amount of substitution reached 90%, the yield of watermelon increased significantly. Partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer could promote the growth and development of watermelon, increasing the length of main stem, the number of leaves and the number of nodes. It could also increase the sugar content of watermelon, and the sugar content was the highest when the substitution amount reached 30%, 5.23% higher than the contrast. In addition, the available phosphorus and available potassium increased with the increase of organic fertilizer substitution. According to the comprehensive factors of yield and quality, 30%-60% of organic fertilizer was the best substitution amount for chemical fertilizer.