贫困村认定及扶持政策的减贫效应检验——来自安徽省W县全域280个行政村的经验证据

贫困村认定是中国扶贫重点开发县政策在县域空间尺度内部的更精准化瞄准。安徽省六安市W县（国家贫困县）280个行政村2016—2017年的扶贫数据表明,贫困村认定政策所裹挟的倾斜式财政资金投入对贫困村出列和贫困发生率逐年降低发挥了强有力的保障作用;贫困村认定政策具有显著的减贫效应;产业帮扶财政资金投入的减贫效应强于农村基础设施建设投资。随着中国扶贫战略由"消除绝对贫困"到"减少相对贫困"演进,贫困村认定政策的制度设计仍可延续,未来应做好"认定—投入—验收"流程,以减少瞄准失偏和促进资源优化配置。

Testing of Poverty Reduction Effect of Poor Village Identification and Support Policies: A Study Based on Empirical Evidences from 280 Villages of Anhui W County

Poor village identification is a more accurate implementation of the national poverty alleviation and development policy for key counties at the county level. The poverty alleviation data of 280 villages of W County (national-level poor village) in Lu''an City, Anhui from 2016 to 2017 shows that, preferential financial input included in the poor village identification policy plays an important role in lifting poor counties out of poverty and lowering poverty headcount ratio year by year, and the policy has a significant poverty reduction effect. Moreover, the effect is more significant if the financial input is for industry support than for rural infrastructure construction. As China''s poverty alleviation cause evolves from "eliminating absolute poverty" to "reducing relative poverty", the poor village identification policy can be continued and in the future the "identification-input-inspection" profess should be well carried out so as to ensure the accurateness of the national poverty alleviation and development policy and promote the optimization of resource allocation.