基于主导功能的国土空间生态修复分区的原理与方法

国土空间规划是统筹区域资源开发利用和生态保护格局、促进空间治理体系现代化、服务生态文明建设和国家现代化战略的重大举措,国土生态修复是针对区域空间格局失调、资源利用低效、生态功能受损的国土空间进行综合整治与生态修复的活动和过程,是编制和实施国土空间规划的重点内容,生态修复分区则是合理编制国土空间生态修复规划和科学高效开展生态修复的重要前提。通过分析区域国土、生态、经济等主导功能的分区定位与内涵特征,依据"生命共同体理论"、"三生协调理论"、"适宜性管理"等国土空间规划与生态文明建设的基本理论,基于"自上而下"和"自下而上"相结合,提出了基于主导功能型区划的国土空间生态修复分区的思路与方法:1)摸清自然资源本底,完成一级生态功能基础分区;2)评价区域生态功能状况,完成二级生态修复格局分区;3)明确生态修复重点区域,完成三级生态修复模式分区。通过在江西省国土空间生态修复分区进行实践应用,可将江西省生态修复区划分为5个大区,以及24个亚区、70个修复小区,研究可为江西实施生态修复工程和国土空间管治提供决策依据。该方法归纳起来有以下4点特征:一是突出主导功能;二是遵循生态规律;三是适配空间尺度;四是强化上下衔接。研究对于国土空间生态修复规划编制、实施和生态管控具有积极的意义,可为国土空间整体保护、系统修复、综合整治与推进美丽中国建设提供科技支撑。

Principle and method for ecological restoration zoning of territorial space based on the dominant function

Spatial planning and territorial development can be a major strategy to coordinate the management and utilization of regional resources and ecological protection patterns, and further to promote the modernization of space governance system, serving as the construction of ecological civilization and the sustainable development. Territorial ecological restoration is increasingly recognized as a useful process for biodiversity conservation, comprehensive remediation, and ecological restoration of territorial space, with emphasis on imbalanced regional spatial patterns, inefficient use of resources, and damaged ecological functions. It is also the key components of the preparation and implementation of territorial spatial planning. Ecological restoration zoning is an essential prerequisite to the rational preparation for the restoration planning of land and space, from the scientific and practical development points of view. Since the 1950s, most counties in China have carried out functionally dominant regionalization, such as agricultural divisions, economic divisions, land use divisions, urban functional divisions, ecological functional divisions, and main functional divisions of territorial land. There are different emphases on land spatial functional zoning, due to the different objectives and functional positioning of zoning, including various methods and theories for its division, while the varying factors and indicators of evaluation, together with the wide variety of space types and zoning grades. Recent developments in spatial planning in China have been posed a great challenge on the ecological restoration of territorial space, in terms of an emergence or revival of strategic spatial planning. It is necessary to explore an integrated or holistic approach to spatial development, based on a solid investigation of territorial spatial ecological restoration zoning, and a comprehensive spatial planning in a multiplicity of national and regional contexts. These activities can be used to accelerate territorial spatial ecological restoration, and thereby to enhance the carrying capacity of territorial space, finally to construct the territorial spatial ecological security pattern. The emergences of more strategic approaches in China have been interpreted in terms of a practical application of key principles of spatial planning, in order to promote ecological civilization, and institutional capacity building. In this study, the idea and method for ecological restoration zoning of territorial space were proposed using the dominant function, in combination with the "top-down" and "bottom-up" methods, based on the zoning positioning and connotation characteristics of leading functions in the regional land, ecology, and economy. The fundamentals of territorial spatial planning and ecological civilization constructions were also used, such as the "community of life theory", "production-life-ecology coordination theory", and "suitability management". Three main purposes are to: 1) find out the background of natural resources, while complete the basic division of the first-level ecological function; 2) evaluate the status of regional ecological function for the secondary zoning of ecological restoration pattern; 3) clarify the key areas of ecological restoration for the mode division of the third-level ecological restoration. Taking Jiangxi Province as a practical application subject, the ecological modification areas can be divided into 5 large zones, including 24 sub-regions and 70 restoration regions. The findings can provide a sound reference for the decision making during the implementation of ecological restoration projects, and land space management in Jiangxi. In zoning process, the regional differentiation law was selected to integrate ecological, economic, and social factors, according to the dominant ecological functions, and major ecological problems. An integrated or holistic zoning was achieved with the practical validity and feasibility. Four characteristics can be obtained: 1) to highlight the dominant function, 2) to follow the ecological law, 3) to be suitable for the spatial scale, 4) to strengthen the connection between the upper and lower level ecological function. In this method, a comprehensive consideration can be made, including the target orientation, function orientation, problem orientation, and task orientation, in order to gain the scientific zoning for the ecological restoration and comprehensive improvement of territorial space. There are still some needs to accurately predict the development trend of ecological restoration zoning, with emphasis on differences, simplicity, and operability. The research can provide a promising scientific and technological support to the planning, implementation, and management for the ecological restoration of territorial space.