不同养分配比复混肥对夏玉米产量及经济效益的影响

在华北平原小麦-玉米轮作情况下,冬小麦收获后免耕播种夏玉米（蠡玉68）,玉米出苗后在行间距根部5~8 cm处集中一次性条施所有肥料,后期不再追肥。试验设不施肥（空白对照）、20-10-11玉米专用肥施用量450 kg/hm2、尿素施用量375 kg/hm2、30-5-5玉米专用肥施用量450 kg/hm2、26-6-8玉米专用肥施用量450 kg/hm2、25-8-12玉米专用肥施用量450 kg/hm2和28-5-5玉米专用肥施用量450 kg/hm2共计7个处理,研究不同养分配比复混肥对夏玉米产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明：施用玉米专用肥能够显著提高玉米产量,其增产效应主要是通过提高千粒重实现的。专用肥的养分配比不同,增产增收效果也不一样,合理选择玉米专用肥能够大幅度提高玉米种植收益,其中施用25-8-12玉米专用肥玉米产量和增收效益最高,施用20-10-11玉米专用肥次之。在该试验地区,仅施用高水平的氮肥对玉米增产效果不大,而施用钾含量高的玉米专用肥有利于提高玉米产量和经济效益。

Effects of Compound Fertilizer with Different Nutrition Ratio on the Yield and Economic Benefit of Maize

The effects of compound fertilizer with different nutrition ratio on the yield and economic benefit of summer maize were studied in North China Plain.The summer maize variety Liyu 68 was sowed in a no-tillage way after winter wheat harvesting.The fertilizer was applied at one time 5-8 cm to the root.There were seven treatments as follows： CK,450 kg/hm2 maize special-purpose fertilizer 20-10-11,375 kg/hm2 urea,450 kg/hm2 maize special-purpose fertilizer 30-5-5,450 kg/hm2 maize special-purpose fertilizer 26-6-8,450 kg/hm2 maize special-purpose fertilizer 25-8-12,and 450 kg/hm2 maize special-purpose fertilizer 28-5-5.The results showed that the yield was obviously increased by using the maize special-purpose fertilizer through increasing the 1 000-kernel weight.The increased yield and economic benefit were the highest by using the maize special-purpose fertilizer 25-8-12,then the maize special-purpose fertilizer 20-10-11.The high N had little influence on increasing the yield.The maize special-purpose fertilizer with high potassium content contributed to the enhancement of yield and economic benefit.