四川小麦品种高、低分子量麦谷蛋白基因和1B/1R易位的分子标记鉴定

为给四川小麦品质育种提供参考信息,利用7个HMW-GS、17个LMW-GS和1个1B/1R易位的特异分子标记,对105份2000年后育成的四川小麦品种进行上述基因检测。结果表明:(1)针对HMWGS,在Glu-A1位点,含Ax2*的品种有2份,频率为1.9%;在Glu-B1位点,含Bx7、Bx20、Bx17、By8和By9的品种分别有73、26、4、45和30份,频率分别为69.5%、24.8%、3.8%、42.9%和28.6%,未检测到含Bx7OE的品种;在Glu-D1位点,含Dx5的品种有65份,频率为61.9%。(2)针对LMW-GS,在Glu-A3位点,含Glu-A3a、Glu-A3b、Glu-A3c、Glu-A3d和Glu-A3f的品种分别有2、2、63、29和9份,频率分别为1.9%、1.9%、60.0%、27.6%和8.6%,未检测到含Glu-A3e和Glu-A3g的品种;在Glu-B3位点,含Glu-B3b、Glu-B3d、Glu-B3f、GluB3g和Glu-B3i的品种分别有18、10、1、75和1份,频率分别为17.1%、9.5%、1.0%、71.4%和1.0%,未检测到含Glu-B3a、Glu-B3c、Glu-B3e和Glu-B3h的品种。(3)含1B/1R易位的品种有36份,频率为34.3%。(4)组合6种和5种以上优质基因的品种分别有2份(频率为3.8%)和15份(频率为14.3%)。可利用这些品种作为亲本,在四川小麦品质育种中逐步导入优质基因Ax2*、Bx7、By8、Dx5、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3d、Glu-A3b和Glu-B3b,并淘汰1B/1R易位,优化四川小麦面筋优质基因组成。

Identification of High and Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Genes and 1B/1R Translocation in Sichuan Wheat Cultivars with Molecular Markers

The composition of high and low molecular weight glutenins and 1B/1R translocation is key information on wheat quality breeding. Using a total of 25 DNA molecular markers, including 7 markers specific to HMW GS, 17 to LMW GS and 1 to 1B/1R translocation, 105 Sichuan wheat cultivars released since 2000 were identified. The results showed that: (1) For HMW GS, 2 cultivars contained Ax2^* at Glu A1 locus, with a frequency of 1.9%. At Glu B1 locus, 73 cultivars had Bx7, 26 carried Bx20, 4 possessed Bx17, 45 had By8 and 30 carried By9, with a percentage of 69.5%, 24.8%, 3.8%, 42.9% and 28.6%, respectively. At Glu D1 locus, 65 cultivars contained Dx5, with a frequency of 61.9%. (2) For LMW GS, the genes frequencies of the Glu A3a, Glu A3b, Glu A3c, Glu A3d, and Glu A3f at Glu A3 locus were 1.9%,1.9%,60.0%, 27.6% and 8.6%, respectively.At Glu B3 locus, the frequencies of the Glu B3b, Glu B3d, Glu B3f, Glu B3g and Glu B3i were 17.1%, 9.5%, 1.0%, 71.4% and 1.0%, respectively. (3) Thirty seven cultivars with 1B/1R translocation were detected, with a frequency of 34.3%. (4) 2 (3.8%) and 15 (14.3%) cultivars were found with a combination of 6 or 5 genes of Ax2^*, Bx7, By8, Dx5, Glu A3d, Glu B3d, Glu A3b, Glu B3b and non 1B/1R translocation. These cultivars can be used as parents in wheat breeding for introducing genes with better quality potential related to gluten quality of Sichuan wheat cultivars.