基于GIS的庄河市滨海湿地景观格局变化及其驱动力分析

目的]探究辽宁省庄河市滨海湿地景观格局变化及其驱动力,为该市滨海湿地的合理利用和生物多样性保护提供决策支持和科学依据。方法]以庄河市2000,2010年2期遥感影像为基础数据,在遥感和GIS技术支持下,运用景观格局指数模型来分析研究区景观格局的变化特征和该区景观格局变化的驱动因素。结果]10a间,庄河市滨海湿地的面积减少了7.44%;景观斑块数(NP)由2000年的3 425块增加到2010年的3 563块,增加了4.03%;景观多样性指数(H)由2000年的0.631 5增加到2010年的0.855 4;景观优势度指数(D)从2000年的0.835 9降低到2010年的0.736 4;景观均匀度指数(E)从2000年的0.578降低到2010年的0.514。结论]庄河市滨海湿地的景观破碎化程度在加剧。在自然驱动力和人文驱动力作用下,湿地面积大幅减少,生态功能不断下降,使得研究区生态环境恶化,从而严重影响庄河市的经济发展。

An Analysis on Landscape Pattern Changes and Its Driving Forces of Coastal Wetland in Zhuanghe City Based on GIS

Objective] To study the changes of landscape pattern of the coastal wetlands in Zhuanghe City of Liaoning Province and its driving force for the rational using of coastal wetlands and provide decision support and scientific basis of biodiversity conservation.Methods] With the remote sensing data of Zhuanghe City in 2000 and 2010 as the basic data, under the support of RS and GIS, landscape pattern index model was used to analyze the change of the landscape pattern and the driving forces in this region.Results] From 2000 to 2010, the area of the coastal wetland of the Zhuanghe City decreased by 7.44%; NP(number of patches) increased from 3 425 to 3 563 and added by 4.03%, H(landscape diversity index) increased from 0.631 5 to 0.855 4,D(landscape dominance index) decreased from 0.835 9 to 0.736 4, E(landscape evenness index) decreased from 0.578 to 0.514.Conclusion] The changes of the landscape pattern indices indicated that the fragmentation of the landscape was aggravating. Both artificial and natural forces caused the wetland area reduced, and the ecological function of the coastal wetlands declined, which had worsen the ecological environment of research area, and indeed had seriously affected the economic development of the Zhuanghe City.