人工合成具有白菜或甘蓝细胞质的甘蓝型油菜

为比较甘蓝型油菜不同细胞质基因组的遗传效应及其与核基因的相互作用,对12个白菜(2n=20)与1个芥蓝(2n=18)的正反交种间杂种分别进行子房和胚培养,人工合成白菜和甘蓝细胞质甘蓝型油菜。结果表明,白菜×芥蓝的正交子房培养杂种苗平均诱导率2.32%,甘蓝×白菜的反交胚培养杂种苗平均诱导率为1.16%。不同杂交组合之间,杂种苗诱导率差异大,但相同亲本正反交杂种获得的难易趋势相似。将单倍体杂种小苗在含0.01%秋水仙碱的MS培养基中预培养处理10d的染色体加倍效果最好,加倍率达59.32%。人工合成的甘蓝型油菜农艺性状类似于栽培甘蓝型油菜,无论正交或反交合成的甘蓝型油菜,其农艺性状介于父母本之间,但更接近于母本。合成油菜花粉育性在40.53%～88.95%之间。

Resynthesis of Brassica napus with Brassica oleracea or Brassica rapa Cytoplasm

Nuclear genome is the primary genetic material, which plays a key role in the individual development and the system evolution of plant. Although relatively independent genetic system in cytoplasm is existed, the characteristics of plant is more often determined by the nuclear genes and sometimes affected by plasmagenes. To compare genetic effect of different plasmagenes of B. napus and study interactions between nuclear gene and cytogene, we artificially synthesized B. napus with B. oleracea or B. rapa cytoplasm by means of hybrid embryo and ovary culture of reciprocal crosses between 12 cultivated varieties of B. rapa and one cultivated variety of B. oleracea var. alboglabra.The average frequencies of hybrid plantlets obtained were 2.32% from ovary culture of B. rapa × B. oleracea var. alboglabra and 1.16% from embryo culture of B. oleracea var. alboglabra × B. rapa, respectively. The induction rate of hybrid plantlets differed greatly between different crosses, but the trends of induction easily or hardly were the same between reciprocal crosses with the same parents. The haploidic hybrid seedlings were pre-cultured in MS medium with 0.01% colchicine for 10 days which was the best way for chromosome doubling. The percentage of hybrid plantlets with doubled chromosomes was 59.32%. Agronomic traits of synthesized B. napus were similar to those of cultivated B. napus and mediated between parents in morphology, but more similar to maternal plants. The average pollen fertility for the most synthesized lines ranged from 40.53% to 88.95%.