不同修剪水平对葡萄叶幕光照微区气候和水分关系的影响

本实验在法国波尔多的生态条件下，从叶幕光照微区气候和植物水分关系的角度，设计比较了四种植株芽眼负载量（修剪水平）和不同的修剪方式后指出，轻修剪水平（重负荷）的葡萄植株，由于生长的“自动调节”，整个叶幕水平上光照微区气候没有出现恶化现象。但是果际的郁蔽也许是造成物质代谢不良的重要原因之一。在水分关系方面，轻修剪水平植株整个叶幕前半天的蒸腾作用较强，但是以较剧烈的“午间低谷”和整个下午的低水平作为代价；伴随着这个现象的是午后叶幕气孔导性和叶面水势的较低水平。轻修剪水平对植株叶幕光照微区气候和水分关系影响的机理以及对葡萄果实品质形成的作用在本文中作了讨论。

EFFECTS OF PRUNING IEVEIS OF GRAPEVINE ON CANOPY MICROCLIMATE AND PIANT WATER RELATION

The effects of pruning levels of grapevine on canopy microclimate and plant water relation in the temperate zone have rarely been reported.This experiment, established with four very different levels of pruning and carried out under the ecological conditions of the Bordeaux area(France), showed that, in comparison with the vines normally pruned, the level of radiation microclimate of the vines lightly pruned (bearing heavily ) was not reduced in relation to the whole canopy. This was because of an efficient "autoregulation of growth"; but the shading of the fruits might be one of the important factors causing poor grape and wine qualities. Vines lightly pruned showed a more intensive transpiration of the whole canopy during the morning) but this brings about a more important "depression at midday"and a lower transpiration level during all the afternoon, which was accompanied by a lower level of the stomate conductance of canopy and of the foliar water potential. This indicates a severe foliar water deficits or a lower foliar activity. The mechanism of the effects of light pruning on radiation microclimate and plant water relation as well as on grape quality was discussed.