贵州省猫跳河流域土壤侵蚀量计算及其背景空间分析

以贵州省猫跳河流域为研究区，在GIS 技术支撑下，应用修正的通用土壤流失方程计算研究区的土壤侵蚀量，分析土壤侵蚀的空间分布格局，对土壤侵蚀与其环境背景因子包括海拔高程、坡度、坡向和土地利用类型等进行叠加和空间统计分析，揭示土壤侵蚀与其环境背景等因子的空间关系，为土壤侵蚀的有效防治和治理提供科学依据。结果表明：研究区平均土壤侵蚀模数为28.6 t/(hm²·a)，1200～1400 m的海拔高程带、6°～25°坡度带和南坡是发生土壤侵蚀的主要区域，也是水土流失防治及治理的重点区域。在各种土地利用类型中，旱地发生土壤侵蚀面积和侵蚀量最大，其次是灌草地，水田最小。在县域中，清镇市土壤侵蚀面积和土壤侵蚀量最大，其次是平坝县和修文县，息烽县土壤侵蚀面积和土壤侵蚀量最小。

Estimation of soil erosion and its spatial analysis in Maotiaohe watershed, Guizhou Province

Taking Maotiaohe watershed, Guizhou Province as study area, applying Geographic Information System(GIS) technology, and adopting Revised Universal Soil Erosion(RUSLE), the soil losses in Maotiaohe watershed were estimated, the spatial distribution of soil erosion characteristics in the watershed were presented. The soil erosion map was overlayed respectively with slope, aspect maps from DEM and land use maps to analyze the erosion status. And the relationship among soil erosion and its background including elevation, slope, aspect and land use was revealed. The results show that the soil erosion modulus are 26.7t /(hm²·a) and the soil losses are highest in downstream area of Maotiaohe watershed. Soil erosion is serious respectively from 6 to 25 of slope degree, south aspect, elevation area from 1200 to 1400 meters, where is the particular area of soil and water loss prevention. As far as land use is concerned, soil losses are highest in dry land, and those in shrub land are second. Among all counties, the derease order of soil loss is Qingzhen county, Pingba county and Xiuwen county, which has close relationship with the soil erosion area and erosion intensity of the county.