广州市生态景观林带的植物现状及优化建议

为探明岩溶石漠化山地生态重建后的植被生产力特征,对桂北地区岩溶石漠化山地12年生的林分进行野外实地观测,采用分层切割法对主要造林树种的生物量空间分布格局进行研究。结果表明:6个主要造林树种在岩溶石漠化山地上均能表现出良好的生长状态,在6种绿化树种中,刺槐的各项生长指标都表现出最好的生长效果,胸径和树高年平均生长量分别达到0.65 cm和0.58 m;其次是乡土树种女贞,胸径和树高年平均生长量分别为0.63 cm和0.43 m;4个乔木树种干的生物量比例分别是刺槐(78%)、女贞(45%)、臭椿(67%)、榆树(45%),刺槐和臭椿的主干非常明显,而分枝很少;4种乔木的枝叶指数大小依次是榆树(0.41)、女贞(0.40)、臭椿(0.26)、刺槐(0.15),说明榆树和女贞具有较大的生产潜力,可以充分利用光能生产干物质;6种绿化树种的冠根比分别为刺槐(2.24)、女贞(2.64)、臭椿(3.88)、榆树(2.76)、冬青(1.39)、酸枣(4.56),表明酸枣对岩溶石漠化山地的适应性最强,而冬青最弱;单株生物量最大的是刺槐,为21.61 kg/株,其次分别为女贞、臭椿、榆树、冬青和酸枣,酸枣的生物量相对较小、仅为2.89 kg/株;6种不同林分单位面积生物量的大小为女贞>刺槐>榆树>臭椿>冬青>酸枣,相对于其他4个树种,刺槐与女贞林分表现出了很好的优势,单位面积生物量分别达了42 139 kg/hm2和50 522 kg/hm2。

Status of plants in eco-landscape forest belt in Guangzhou and suggestions for its optimization

Creating a landscape that is both ecologically and visually excellent is essential to landscape design, and also the difficulty of it. We analyze the status of eco-landscape forest belt in Guangzhou in the aspects of community structure and ornamental effect using statistical methods, including the density, coverage, richness of both tree and shrub layer, and ornamental period, colour and form of the trees. The results show that problems existing in current forest belt include low species diversity, regional overcrowding and scarcity of ornamental species in summer, autumn and winter. We provide suggestions for choosing tree species for forest belt and optimization of community structure with reference to regional vegetation assemblage and community structure in Guangzhou.