植物精油对木材霉变菌的抑菌效力研究

【目的】植物精油是一类安全环保且具有抑菌特性的天然产物,在木材霉变防治领域的应用潜力很大。开展植物精油对我国常见木材霉菌及变色菌的综合抑菌效力的研究,可为天然环保型木材霉变防治剂的开发提供重要依据。【方法】配制经植物精油修正的马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基,通过评价霉变菌在培养基中的生长状况,对比分析19种植物精油对6种木材霉变菌的抑菌效力。【结果】在体积分数为0.05%的条件下,19种植物精油对黑曲霉Aspergillus niger、桔青霉Penicillam citrinum、绿色木霉Trichoderma viride、可可球二孢Botryodiplodia theobromae、串珠镰刀菌Fusarium moniliforme和链格孢霉Alternaria alternata的抑菌效力分别为0~100%、0~100%、0~100%、0~100%、11%~100%和20%~100%。聚类分析表明,肉桂、丁香花和百里香精油的综合抑菌效力最高,在体积分数0.05%的条件下对6种霉变菌的抑菌效力均达到100%,而尤加利、甜橙和松树精油的综合抑菌效力最低。相关分析表明,植物精油对6种霉变菌的抑菌效力之间均表现出显著相关性(P=0.01),其Pearson相关系数为0.777~0.959。【结论】不同植物精油的抑菌效力之间表现出较大差异,肉桂、丁香花和百里香精油是可以用于木材霉变防治的较优品种。

Antifungal efficacy of plant essential oils against wood mould and stain fungi

【Objective】The plant essential oil is a safety,environmentally friendly and natural product with antifungal properties,and has great potential in controlling wood mould and stain fungi.The research on the comprehensive antifungal efficacy of plant essential oils against common wood mould and stain fungi in China can provide an important basis for the development of environmentally friendly natural anti-mildew agents.【Method】Potato dextrose agar(PDA)medium modified with plant essential oils was prepared,and the antifungal efficacy of 19 plant essential oils against 6 fungi was investigated by evaluating the growth status of fungi in the medium.【Result】The antifungal efficacy of the plant essential oils(volume fraction of 0.05%)against Aspergillus niger,Penicillam citrinum,Trichoderma viride,Botryodiplodia theobromae,Fusarium moniliforme and Alternaria alternata is 0-100%,0-100%,0-100%,0-100%,11%-100%and 20%-100%,respectively.The results from cluster analysis show that Cinnamomum cassia,Syzygium aromaticum and Thymus mongolicus essential oils,with antifungal efficacy of 100%against all the six fungi at the volume fraction of 0.05%,have higher antifungal efficacy than other essential oils,while Eucalyptus,Citrus sinensis and Pinus essential oils show lower antifungal efficacy than others.Correlation analysis indicates that significant correlations are found between the antifungal efficacy of plant essential oils against the six different fungi at the 0.01 level,and the Pearson correlation coefficient ranges from 0.777 to 0.959.【Conclusion】The plant essential oils show obvious difference in their antifungal efficacy,and Cinnamomum cassia,Syzygium aromaticum and Thymus mongolicus essential oils are superior products for the prevention of wood mould and stain fungi.