不同作物秸秆腐解液对节节麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

节节麦(Aegilops tauschii Coss.)作为麦田恶性杂草之一,给中国小麦生产带来了严重的经济损失。为探究农作物秸秆在节节麦生态防治方面的作用,本试验采用了滤纸培养皿法和小杯法研究了不同浓度的玉米、油菜、水稻秸秆及稻壳腐解液对节节麦种子萌发率、发芽指数及幼苗根长、苗高和干重5项生物指标的影响。结果表明,当浓度为6.25 mg/mL时,玉米、油菜秸秆腐解液对节节麦幼苗干重表现为促进作用,对其他测定指标均为抑制作用。稻壳腐解液除了对根长具有抑制作用外,对其他指标均具有促进作用。水稻秸秆腐解液对5项指标均具有促进作用。当浓度大于50 mg/mL时,4种秸秆腐解液对5项指标均具有抑制作用,且随着浓度的增加,抑制作用增强。总体来说,作物秸秆腐解液对节节麦的化感作用强弱依次为玉米秸秆、油菜秸秆、稻壳、水稻秸秆,且对根的化感作用尤为明显。

Decomposed Liquids of Different Crops’ Straw Affect Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Aegilops tauschii

Aegilops tauschii, one of the malignant weeds in winter wheat fields, has caused considerable economic losses for wheat production in China. To clarify the effect of crop straw on its ecological control, the effects of different concentrations of maize straw, oilseed rape straw, rice straw and rice hull decomposed liquid on seed germination rate, germination index, seedling height, root length and dry weight of Aegilops tauschii seed were studied by the petri-dish method and the little-cup method, respectively. The results showed that when the concentration was set at 6.25 mg/mL, the decomposed liquid of maize and oilseed rape straw promoted seedling dry weight of A. tauschii, but inhibited the other indexes. The decomposed liquid of rice hull inhibited the root length of A. tauschii, but promoted the other indexes. The decomposed liquid of rice straw promoted all the five indexes. However, when the concentration was above 50 mg/mL, the decomposed liquid of the four crops’ straw inhibited all the five indexes, and the inhibiting effects were enhanced along with the increase of the decomposed liquid concentration. In conclusion, the order of the allelopathic effect of crop straw decomposed liquid on A. tauschii was maize straw>oilseed rape straw>rice hull>rice straw. Moreover, the allelopathic effect on root was more obvious.