油茶不同类型枝上叶片特性与产量的关系研究

【目的】给油茶林进行营养诊断,为高效经营生产提供理论依据与实践指导。【方法】选取7年生小果油茶中的‘龙眼茶’和普通油茶中的‘长林166’‘长林18’‘长林4’,测定果实成熟期不同类型枝上叶片养分和部分叶片形态指标等特性分析差异,并探讨其与产量的关系。【结果】1)4种油茶不同类型枝上叶片养分含量均为营养枝叶>结果枝叶;2)同一类型枝上叶片相同养分含量中‘长林166’和‘长林18’养分含量整体比其他两种油茶高,不同养分含量结果枝叶全氮>全磷>全钾,营养枝叶全氮>全钾>全磷;3)4种油茶中不同类型枝上结果枝叶的面积和比叶重比营养枝叶小;4)同一类型枝上的叶面积属‘长林18’的最大,而叶形指数最小;5)‘龙眼茶’不同类型枝上叶片特性与其他3种油茶相比均较低;6)果实产量和不同类型枝上叶片特性具有一定的相关性,包括不同类型枝上叶片全氮和全钾、叶面积和比叶重等,且叶片全氮、叶面积和比叶重都与产量存在极显著的正相关关系。【结论】营养枝叶、结果枝叶与果实间的养分存在积累与转移,可以从不同类型枝上叶片养分含量和形态特征上判断油茶生长的好坏与产量的高低,根据不同树种调整营养枝与结果枝的比例,促进叶片养分高效利用,实现油茶优质丰产。因此研究不同类型枝上叶片特性进一步为提高油茶经济效益奠定基础。

Study on the relationship between leaf characteristics of different functional shoots and yield of Camellia

【Objective】In order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the nutritional diagnosis and efficient production of Camellia.【Method】Camellia meiocarpa Hu.(‘C.meiocarpa cv’)and three cultivars of Camellia oleifera Abel.were selected(‘Changlin 166’,‘Changlin 18’and‘Changlin 4’)to determine the nutrient content and some morphological indexes of leaves on different types of branches at fructescence detail and analyze the differences,and explore the relationship with yield.【Result】1)The leaf nutrient contents about four types of Camellia is the leaves of nutrient branches>the leaves of fruiting branches;2)The nutrient contents of the same type of branch about‘Chang Lin 166’and‘Chang Lin 18’in the leaves are higher than the other two types of Camellia.And total nitrogen>total phosphorus>total potassium about the leaf nutrients on the fruiting branches,total nitrogen>total potassium>total phosphorus about the leaf nutrients on the nutrient branches;3)The leaf area and specific leaf weight of the fruiting branches are smaller than the nutrient branches on different types of branches;4)The leaf area of the same type of branch about‘Changlin 18’is the largest,but the leaf shape index is the smallest;5)The leaf characteristics of C.meiocarpa cv.are lower than those other Camellia oleifera Abel.6)There is a certain correlation between yield and leaf characteristics on different types of branches,including total nitrogen and total potassium,leaf area and specific leaf weight,and leaf total nitrogen,leaf area and specific leaf weight of leaves are significantly positively correlated with yield.【Conclusion】The nutrition among the leaves of nutrient branches and fruiting branches and fruits exist accumulation and transfer.The growth quality and yield of Camellia from nutrient content and morphological characteristics of leaves on different types of branches can be judged,and the proportion of the nutrient branches and the fruiting branches to promote the efficient use of leaf nutrients achieving high quality and high yield of Camellia can also be adjusted according to the different tree species.Therefore,studying the leaf characteristics of different types branches can lay a foundation for improving the economic benefits of Camellia.