黑龙江省甜菜种植与比较效益调查分析

中国甜菜制糖产业肇始于黑龙江省,至今已有超过100年的历史。调查发现在黑龙江省主要旱田农作物中,甜菜种植效益最好,分别比种植马铃薯、玉米、大豆增加收入2.38%、60.85%、75.48%;甜菜种植面积户均15.62 hm²,种植密度平均为5.93万株/hm²,轮作年限在4年以上;甜菜种植劳动力主要以雇工为主,土地以流转租赁为主,品种多为国外进口的丸化或包衣种,肥料以专用肥居多,普遍使用杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂,甜菜机械化程度较高。甜菜生产投入成本最多的依次为人工、土地、农业生产资料和农机作业。黑龙江省甜菜生产处于较低水平,提升甜菜产质量是当务之急,改变既有的种植方式,大力发展甜菜生产机械化,加大新技术的开发应用力度是未来黑龙江省甜菜种植的发展方向。

Planting and Comparative Benefit of Sugar Beet in Heilongjiang: Investigation and Analysis

The Chinese sugar beet industry started in Heilongjiang and has a history for more than 100 years. The result of investigation show that sugar beet planting could gain the best benefit among the main dry crops in Heilongjiang, and the income increases by 2.38%, 60.85% and 75.48%, respectively, compared with potato, maize and soybean. For the sugar beet planting in Heilongjiang, the average area is 15.62 hm² per household, the average density is 59300 plants/hm², and the years of rotation are more than 4 years. The main labor force is hire hands, the farmland is mostly leased, the seeds are mainly pelleted or coated and imported from abroad, the fertilizers are mainly special fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and herbicides are commonly used, and the level of mechanization is relatively high. The input cost of sugar beet production is successively the labor force, farmland, agricultural means of production and agricultural machine operation. The sugar beet production is generally at a low level in Heilongjiang, and the development tendency is to increase the yield and sugar content for comparative benefit of sugar beet planting, to change the existing planting methods, to develop the production mechanization vigorously, and to improve the application of new techniques.