黑龙江省水稻生长季极端降水及洪涝时空演变特征

为了合理规避极端降水带来的洪涝灾害,有效保障水稻安全生产。本研究基于黑龙江省69个气象台站1971—2016年降水资料和历史洪涝记载资料,利用方差分析和Mann-Kendall检验方法,分析了黑龙江省水稻生长季极端降水和洪涝时空演变特征。结果表明：（1）极端降水指数(EPI)5月、6月和9月在2010s最突出,7月和10月在1990s最突出,8月在1980s最突出;（2）根据典型因子,7月多雨时段为1990s,8月多雨时段为1980s;（3）水稻洪涝多发生在7月,7月和8月水稻洪涝历史高发时段分别为1990s和1980s。

Extreme Precipitation and Flood Disaster During Rice Growth Season in Heilongjiang: Temporal-spatial Distribution Features

To avoid flood disaster caused by extreme precipitation and effectively guarantee the security of rice production, based on the precipitation data from 69 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2016 and historical flood disaster records in Heilongjiang, by using the variance analysis and Mann-Kendall method, we analyzed the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of extreme precipitation and flood disaster during rice growth season in Heilongjiang. The results showed that: (1) the extreme precipitation indices (EPI) in May, June and September were the highest in 2010s, and the EPI in July and October were the highest in 1990s, and the EPI in August was the highest in 1980s; (2) on the basis of typical factor, the precipitation in July was the most in 1990s, and the precipitation in August was the most in 1980s; (3) the flood disaster of rice occurred mostly in July; the flood disaster of rice in July and August occurred mostly in 1990s and 1980s, respectively.