水稻耐低温研究重要进展

水稻是中国最重要的粮食作物之一,低温寒害作为主要非生物胁迫,严重影响了水稻的产量和品质,对水稻的各个生长时期都有不同程度的危害。研究水稻耐低温的分子机制,培育高产优质的耐寒品种对保障中国粮食安全具有重要意义。为了进一步揭示水稻耐低温分子机制,本研究综述了近几十年来水稻低温信号途径研究方面的研究进展,发现在水稻的种子萌发期、幼苗期及孕穗期均克隆了若干个重要的耐低温基因,并初步解析了其基因功能和分子机制。但具体的作用机制及信号通路研究仍存在不足。今后的研究工作还需要发掘更多水稻耐寒基因及其作用机制,并鉴定重要的SNP位点,以期为水稻分子育种提供科学依据。

Low Temperature Tolerance of Rice: A Review

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crop in China. As the main abiotic stress, cold stress has affected the yield and quality of rice crop seriously, and makes different degrees of harm to rice in various growth stages. It is significant to study the molecular mechanism of low-temperature tolerance of rice and cultivate high-yield and high-quality cold-resistant varieties to ensure food security in China. In order to further reveal the molecular mechanism of low temperature tolerance in rice, this study reviewed the research progress of low temperature signaling pathway in rice in recent decades. It is found that several important genes with low temperature tolerance are cloned at the seed germination stage, seedling stage and booting stage of rice, and their gene functions and molecular mechanisms are preliminarily analyzed. However, there are still some deficiencies in the study of specific mechanisms and signal pathways. Further research should focus on identifying more cold-resistant genes and their mechanism in rice and important SNP sites, so as to provide a scientific basis for rice molecular breeding.