白菜单株产量与主要农艺性状关系的分析

为揭示主要农艺性状对白菜单株产量的影响,以16份白菜新品系为试材,对其单株产量与8个农艺性状进行相关分析、偏相关分析、多元逐步回归分析和通径分析。结果表明,各性状中变异系数最大的为最大叶叶柄长,其次为单株产量;最大叶叶宽与单株产量达到极显著正相关,株幅与单株产量达到显著正相关;偏相关分析中单株产量与8个农艺性状均呈正相关,其中叶片数和最大叶叶宽与单株产量呈极显著正相关,其余偏相关系数较大的依次为最大叶叶柄厚和株幅;多元逐步回归分析表明Y（单株产量）=-1480.847+31.562X₅（最大叶叶宽）+26.028X₃（叶片数）+13.425X₂（株幅）+429.535X₈（最大叶叶柄厚）为单株产量性状的最优回归方程式,决定系数R²=0.930;8个农艺性状对单株产量性状的直接通径系数均为正值,排名前4的性状依次为最大叶叶宽>叶片数>最大叶叶柄厚>株幅。因此,在白菜丰产新品种选育中,应重点做好最大叶叶宽和叶片数性状的选择,同时兼顾最大叶叶柄厚和株幅等性状。

Yield per Plant and Main Agronomic Characters of Chinese Cabbage: Relationship Analysis

To reveal the effect of main agronomic characters on the yield per plant of Chinese cabbage, 16 new varieties were used as materials, and the correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis and path analysis were conducted to analyze yield per plant and 8 agronomic characters. The results showed that the variation coefficient of the maximum leaf petiole length was the largest, followed by yield per plant. The maximum leaf width had an extremely significant and positive correlation with the yield per plant, while the plant width was significantly and positively correlated with the yield per plant. The partial correlation analysis showed that the yield per plant was positively correlated with all the 8 agronomic characters, among which the leaf number and the maximum leaf width were extremely and significantly correlated with the yield per plant, while the partial correlation coefficients between other characters and yield per plant were the maximum leaf petiole thickness and the plant width in order. The multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that Y (yield per plant) = -1480.847 + 31.562X₅ (the maximum leaf width) + 26.028X₃ (the number of leaves) + 13.425X₂ (the plant width) + 429.535X₈ (the maximum leaf petiole thickness) was the optimal regression equation for yield per plant character, whose coefficient of determination R² was 0.930. The direct path coefficients of the 8 agronomic characters to the yield per plant were all positive, and the top 4 characters were in the order of the maximum leaf width > the number of leaves > the maximum leaf petiole thickness > the plant width. Therefore, in the high yield breeding practice of Chinese cabbage, it is necessary to focus on the selection of the characters of the maximum leaf width and leaf number, and the maximum leaf petiole thickness and plant width should also be considered.