滴灌对农田N2O排放影响的研究进展

灌溉作为调控土壤水分状况的重要措施,直接影响农田温室气体的排放过程。滴灌是一种高效节水灌溉技术,其对温室气体排放的影响受到广泛关注。通过查阅大量文献,综合分析了滴灌对农田土壤N2O排放影响的研究进展与发展趋势。文献资料显示,滴灌通过调控土壤湿度和温度环境,改变土壤微生物菌群和土壤中气体传输速度,进而影响土壤N2O的产生以及排放速率;与其他灌溉方式相比,滴灌不破坏土壤结构,土壤内部水、肥、气、热条件稳定,适宜于作物生长,有利于土壤有机氮的矿化。但目前滴灌条件下温室气体排放的空间异质性和多种温室气体的同步定量研究等方面仍存在一些不足(例如:滴灌条件下土壤干燥区和湿润区N2O排放通量间差异研究和不同种类温室气体的同期影响研究)。今后,要加强监测滴灌下多种温室气体同期排放和不同土壤区域N2O排放差异,加强从分子水平探究滴灌模式下土壤微生物对N2O气体产生过程的作用机理等方面的研究,为构建环境友好型农业模式提供科学依据。

The Effects of Drip Irrigation on Soil N2O Emissions from Farmland: A Review

Irrigation directly affects the greenhouse gas emission process of farmland as an important measure to regulate soil moisture status.Drip irrigation has also attracted wide attention for its impact on greenhouse gas emissions as a new type of water-saving irrigation technology.The effects of drip irrigation on soil N2O emission in farmland are reviewed.Drip irrigation changes the soil microflora and the gas transmission rate by regulating soil moisture and soil temperature and then affects the production and emission rate of N2O in the soil.Drip irrigation does not destroy the soil structure,water,fertilizer,gas,heat,stable internal conditions,suitable for crop growth,promote the mineralization of soil organic nitrogen.However,there are still some shortcomings in the spatial heterogeneity of greenhouse gas emissions under drip irrigation conditions and the simultaneous quantitative research on various greenhouse gases(For example,research is done on the difference between N2O emission fluxes in soil dry and wet areas under drip irrigation conditions and the contemporaneous effects of different types of greenhouse gases).In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of the simultaneous discharge of various greenhouse gases under drip irrigation and N2O emissions from different soil regions,and to increase the research on the mechanism of soil microbial production of N2O gas in the drip irrigation mode from the molecular level,in order to build an environment-friendly agricultural model.