中国现当代文学的偶然与必然——社会政治生态下的沈从文

辛亥革命肇始，中国思想文化多元的局面得以形成，并造就了沈从文文艺创作的辉煌。北伐战争、抗日战争、解放战争、反右斗争和文化大革命等诸次重大社会变局有着深刻的国内国际背景，所形成的社会政治生态使20世纪中国思想文化领域多数时间呈现出由多元向单一的走向。特定的社会政治生态使自由知识分子逐渐边沿化乃至于消失。沈从文创作理念、艺术风格与主流文艺标准的冲突过程以及挣扎沉浮的人生轨迹，显示出20世纪中国自由知识分子一个时代的缩影。沈从文个体经历折射出的普遍意义，或可为中国现当代文学史研究作出可供参考的注脚。

THE CONTINGENCY AND NECESSITY OF CHINESE MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE——SHEN CONGWEN IN THE SPECIFIC SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CIRCUMSTANCES OF CHINA

The Revolution of 1911 has made possible the formation of a multi-culture and multi-ideology in China and Shen Chongwen splendid literary and artistic creation as well. A series of significant social transformations, such as Northern Expedition, the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945, the War of Liberation from 1946 to 1949, the anti--Rightist struggle in 1957 and the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976, have their profound domestic and international backgrounds, and the resulting social and political circumstances have caused the fields of Chinese ideology and culture to shift from multiplicity to singularity in the 20th century. In such social and political circumstances, the liberal intellectuals were gradually marginalized and faded away. The conflict between the creative ideas and art styles of Shen Congwen and those of the mainstream standards of literature and arts and his tortuous life path represent an epoch miniature of the destiny of the Chinese intellectuals in the 20th century. The universal significance of Shen Congwen＇s personal experiences is of great refernce importance to the research of Chinese modern and contemporary literature.