The effect of salt stress on lime aphid abundance on Crimean linden (Tilia ‘Euchlora’) leaves |
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| Institution: | 1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;2. Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden—Center for Conservation of Biological Diversity, 02-973 Warsaw, Poland;3. Institute of Environmental Protection—National Research Institute, 00-548 Warsaw, Poland;1. Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary;2. Department Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany;3. Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;1. Newcastle University, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK;2. University of Copenhagen, Dept. of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark;3. 74 Acre End Street, Eynsham, OX29 4PD, UK;4. 3 Oakleigh Close, Bristol, BS48 3JX, UK;5. Mahtra 9, nr. 121, Tallinn, 13811, Estonia;1. Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230 Bia?owie?a, Poland;2. University of Bialystok, Institute of Biology, Cio?kowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bia?ystok, Poland;3. University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Animal Ethology and Welfare, Akademicka 13, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;4. Zespó? Szkó? Ogólnokszta?c?cych No 2 w Bia?ymstoku, Narewska 11, 15-840 Bia?ystok, Poland;1. Department of Agronomy, Warsaw/ University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland;2. Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Warsaw/ University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02 – 776, Warsaw, Poland;3. Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw/ University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02 – 776, Warsaw, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Many authors claim that trees planted along streets are weaker because of environmental pollution, especially high soil salinity, which results in greater susceptibility to attacks by pathogens. The Tilia ‘Euchlora’ (Crimean linden) is described as one of the urban greenery species that is most prone to the effects of salinity. The aim of this research was to assess the influence of salt stress on the lime aphid abundance on the leaves of Tilia ‘Euchlora’. The average number of aphids was lower for trees growing along the street and subjected to de-icing salt than in the controlled park area. It was strongly negatively correlated with the Na and Cl level in the leaves, whereas it was positively correlated with the content of N and P. The study showed that the aphids’ abundance was most strongly influenced by the N and Cl content in the leaves (although in opposite ways). When the amount of nitrogen increased by 1.0% (from 2.0 to 3.0%), the abundance of aphids increased by 116%. An increase by 1.0% (from 1.0 to 2.0%) in the Cl content in the leaves resulted in a decrease in the abundance of aphids by 36%. The toxic Cl level (over 1%) was exceeded only in the leaves of trees growing along a busy street (79% of the examined individuals in this location), whereas it ranged from 0.23% to 0.40% for the trees from the park. There was concluded that aphids probably prefer trees with healthier leaves for their feeding, i.e. leaves of lower amount of Cl and Na, while with higher concentration of N. |
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| Keywords: | Aphids Chlorine Declining trees De-icing Nitrogen Urban trees |
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