Micro-scale heterogeneity in urban forest soils affects fine root foraging by ornamental seedlings of Buddhist pine and Northeast yew |
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| Institution: | 1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130102, China;2. Environment and Resources College, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116600, China;1. AgResearch, Lincoln Research Centre, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch, New Zealand;2. AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand;3. Soil and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, PO Box 84, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand;4. Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, New Zealand;5. Soil Water & Environment Group, Plant and Food Research, Private Bag 4704, Lincoln, New Zealand;1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA;2. Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA;1. Groupe ISA, Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), Lille 59046 (France);2. Département Chrono-Environment, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon 25030 (France);1. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Shikoku Research Center, 2-915 Asakuranishi, Kochi, Kochi 780-8077, Japan;2. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687 Japan;1. Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain;2. Environmental Science and Technology Department, School of Energy Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK;3. Departamento de Ingeniería de Materiales, ETSI Minas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ríos Rosas 21, 28003 Madrid, Spain;4. Departamento de Edafología, ETSI Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28004 Madrid, Spain;5. Division of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK;1. Department of Engineering and System Science, National TsingHua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kung-Fu Road, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan, ROC;2. Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National TsingHua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kung-Fu Road, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan, ROC |
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| Abstract: | Urban soils are frequently characterized by a strong heterogeneity caused by intense anthropogenic activity and land use changes. Soil heterogeneity is commonly known to affect tree root development, but little has been detected concerning root foraging by ornamental trees in heterogeneous urban soils at micro-scale. In this study, Buddhist pine Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) D. Don] and Northeast yew (Taxus cuspidata S. et Z.) were selected as ornamental tree species for a two-year study. In the first-year, seedlings were cultured under contrasting photoperiods to generate different morphologies. In the second year, seedlings were transplanted to pots filled with soils collected from an urban forest. Controlled-release fertilizers (N-P2O5-K2O, 14-13-13) were evenly broadcasted to a half patch of the pot (heterogeneity) or to both halves (homogeneity) on the surface 5 cm beneath the pot-top at the rate of 0.135 g N seedling−1. In the fertilized heterogeneous patch, larger Buddhist pine seedlings had greater dry weight, length, surface area, volume, number of tips, and morphological foraging-precision in fine roots. Compared to Northeast yew seedlings under natural photoperiod in the first year, those under the extended photoperiod had larger size, greater fine root biomass, and length but lower foraging-precision in the second year. N and P concentrations in second-year fine roots mainly increased with the availability of patches generated by fertilization for both species. In conclusion, the ability to forage for nutrients by ornamental tree seedlings in heterogeneous urban forest soils was species-specific. Buddhist pine seedlings had higher foraging precision in heterogeneous urban soils than Northeast yew seedlings due to their response to the extended photoperiod during culture. |
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| Keywords: | Localized nutrient supply Nutrient availability Physiological plasticity Root proliferation Urban afforestation |
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