滴灌效应及其灌溉指标研究进展

本文从提高水分利用效率、改善作物根区水热气状况、高效的化肥和农药管理以及抑制杂草生长、减少病害发生等方面论述了滴灌的节水增产效应，分析了普通地表滴灌在作物生长早期土壤蒸发损失大的问题，并对地下滴灌、沙管滴灌和膜下滴灌等改进的滴灌方式进行了介绍和评价。分析蒸发皿、土水势、叶水势、冠层温度等灌溉指标在滴灌水分管理中的应用情况及存在的不足。最后提出了滴灌应用中需进一步研究的问题。

Drip Irrigation Effects and Irrigation Scheduling Index

The mechanism of water-saving and yield-improving of drip irrigation analyzed in this paper including: High water use efficiency;Improved rooting-zone soil water,temperature and aerated conditions;Height efficient chemical materials management and reduction of grass and disease.Drip irrigation with an excessively high irrigation frequency can cause the soil surface to remain wet and the first stage of evaporation to persist most of the time especially in early crop stage.The paper introduces new drip irrigation methods such as drip irrigation under mulch,subsurface drip irrigation and sand tube drip irrigation.Irrigation scheduling index used in drip irrigation such as evaporation pan,soil matric potential,leaf water potential,canopy temperature are evaluated.In the end,the paper put forward some questions,which should be,solved in future research.