农村老年人健康信息素养现状及影响因素

目的/意义]本文旨在了解农村老年人健康信息素养的现状及其影响因素,并探讨提升老年人健康信息素养的方法和机制。方法/过程]本研究应用3阶段抽样,对60岁及以上的农村老年人进行入户问卷调查,共回收有效问卷1 222份。结果/结论]研究结果表明,农村老年人健康信息素养得分较低,其中健康信息认知维度得分最高,健康信息获取维度得分最低。受教育程度、智能手机使用时间、互联网使用时间、工作性质和健康状况是农村老年人健康信息素养的重要影响因素（P < 0.05）。农村老年人最信任的健康信息来源是医务工作者,对网上信息难以评价和不太信任。因此,应当加强医务人员在老年人健康信息素养教育中的参与,缓解老年人使用智能手机、互联网的矛盾,以实现农村老年人健康信息素养的有效提升。

Status and Influencing Factors of Health Information Literacy of the Rural Elderly

Purpose/Significance] In China, the elderly population is huge, and the degree of aging is obviously accelerating. The gap between urban and rural areas is obvious, with the proportion of the elderly population in rural areas being higher than that in urban areas. Along with the accelerating aging process, the health problems faced by the elderly are becoming more and more prominent, and the demand for personal health information literacy will be increasing. Research on health information literacy and health promotion among the elderly, especially the rural elderly, will become an important topic. Therefore, it is important to understand the current situation of health information literacy among rural elderly and explore its influencing factors in order to establish ways and mechanisms to successfully promote health information literacy among rural elderly. Method/Process] This paper used a mixed approach combining literature review and quantitative research. Firstly, we formulated a questionnaire and proposed a hypothesis on the influence of socio-demographic factors on health information literacy through a review of relevant studies and investigation tools at home and abroad. Then, based on the theoretical model of knowledge, attitudes and behavior and the connotation of health information literacy, we proposed some hypotheses on the interactions between the dimensions of health information literacy. Finally, in the quantitative study, a three-stage sampling was used to conduct a household questionnaire survey of elderly people aged 60 and above in rural areas, and a total of 1 222 valid questionnaires were obtained and the hypothesis testing was performed using regression analysis and path analysis. Results/Conclusions] The score of health information literacy of rural elderly is lower, the score of health information consciousness dimension is the highest, and the score of health information seeking dimension is the lowest. Education level, time of using smart phones, time of using the Internet, nature of work and health status are the important influencing factors of health information literacy of rural elderly (P<0.05). The most trusted source of health information for rural elderly is medical workers, but they feel it difficult to evaluate and distrust online information. Therefore, strengthening the participation of medical staff in health information literacy education for the elderly and alleviating the conflicts in use of smart phones and the Internet by elderly should be done in order to achieve effective improvement of the health information literacy of the elderly in rural areas. In addition, there are some limitations in this study. The sample size is not large enough, as well as not exploring in depth the factors influencing health information literacy from other factors such as health information behaviors of rural older adults, which will be studied in the future.