国内种养复合循环农业模式应用现状

基于农业生态系统与种养生产体系特征,综述了种植业与生猪养殖业、草食动物养殖业相结合的种养结合循环农业模式及稻田种养循环模式,系统阐述了“猪-沼/肥-农田种植系统”、“猪-沼/肥-园地种植系统”、“猪-沼/肥-草”、“猪-沼/肥-藻”与“牧草(秸秆)-草食动物养殖(牛、羊)-沼/肥-种植系统”循环模式及“稻-鱼”种养、稻鸭共生、稻虾共作等循环模式应用现状。指出了饲料转化及养殖废弃物还田利用是调控种养复合循环模式养分流动的关键环节,参考种植系统作物种类与养分需求、养殖系统对饲料质量需求特点及种植系统对养殖废弃物养分的消纳能力等,合理配置种养复合系统生物结构及时空结构,提高种养复合系统养分循环利用效率是实现种养平衡的关键。提出了在传统循环农业模式的基础上,创新发展环境保育型种养复合循环农业模式,并构建种养复合循环系统养分资源综合管理体系是实现国内种植业、畜禽养殖业绿色生产与可持续发展的重要途径。

Application Status of Integrated Planting-Breeding Circular Agriculture Mode in China

According to the characteristics of the agricultural ecosystem and farming and breeding system, this paper summarized the circular agriculture mode of integrated planting-breeding which combines the planting industry with pig breeding industry or herbivorous animal breeding industry and the circulation pattern of rice field planting and feeding. This paper focused on the application status of ‘pig-biogas/ fertilizer-farmland planting system’, ‘pig-biogas/fertilizer-garden planting system’, ‘pig-biogas/fertilizer-grass’, ‘pig-biogas/ fertilizer-algae’, and ‘forage(straw)-herbivorous animal breeding (cattle, goat)-biogas/ fertilizer-planting system’, and ‘rice-fish’ farming, rice-duck symbiosis, rice-shrimp symbiosis and other recycling modes. It pointed out that feed conversion and utilization of breeding wastes are the key links to regulating nutrient flow in the integrated planting-breeding circular modes. Referring to the crop species and nutrient requirements of the planting system, the characteristics of feed quality requirements of the breeding system and the nutrient absorption ability of the planting system to the breeding wastes, to reasonably allocate the biological structure and time-space structure of the integrated planting-breeding system, and improve the nutrient recycling efficiency of the planting-breeding system are the key points to realize the planting-breeding balance. Based on the traditional circular agriculture mode, it is necessary to innovate and develop the environmental protection planting-breeding circular agriculture mode and construct a comprehensive management system of nutrient resources of integrated planting-breeding circular system, which can be the principal way for realizing the green production and sustainable development of planting industry, and livestock and poultry breeding industry in China.