生物有机肥配施硅钙钾镁肥对西瓜产量、品质及土壤养分的影响

为科学减少化肥用量，改善土壤结构和环境，研究生物有机肥和硅钙钾镁肥对作物生长和改善土壤养分方面的作用，以‘L600’小果型西瓜为研究对象，设置生物有机肥配施硅钙钾镁肥并减少底肥化肥用量等4个处理，以常规施肥作为对照，研究上述肥料对西瓜产量、品质及土壤养分的影响。结果表明：生物有机肥配施硅钙钾镁肥与常规施肥相比，产量提高8.05%，心糖含量提高13.08%，边糖含量提高5.77%，维生素C含量提高18.57% ，总酸含量降低31.25%、硝酸盐含量下降18.22%。两种肥料对改善土壤环境具有积极作用，土壤pH、有效磷、速效钾含量对比常规施肥明显升高。在此条件下减少底肥化肥施用，能够保证西瓜产量和品质，是一种有效的减量施肥方法。

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Combined with Fertilizer of Silicon-Calcium-Potassium-Magnesium on Watermelon Yield,Quality and Soil Nutrients

To scientifically reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer application and improve the soil structure and environment, we used ‘L600’ watermelon as the research object, and set up four treatments including bio-organic fertilizer combined with silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and reducing the amount of base fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Conventional fertilization was used as the control to study the effects of the above fertilizers on the yield, quality and soil nutrients of watermelon. The results showed that: compared with conventional fertilization, the combined application of bio-organic fertilizer with silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer could increase watermelon yield by 8.05%, heart sugar content by 13.08%, side sugar content by 5.77%, vitamin C content by 18.57%, and decrease the total acid content by 31.25% and nitrate content by 18.22%. The combined application of the two fertilizers had positive effects on improving the soil environment, and the soil pH, available phosphorus content and available potassium content were significantly higher than those of conventional fertilization. Under these conditions, reducing the application of base fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could ensure the yield and quality of watermelon, which is an effective method of reducing fertilizer application.