麦类作物小孢子培养研究进展

植物小孢子培养研究对遗传学、分子生物学等具有重要意义。本文综述了麦类作物小孢子培养的基本步骤,包括供体植株的生长和收获、小孢子的预处理方法、小孢子的分离和纯化、影响胚胎发生的因素和胚状体的再生等,同时介绍了有关小孢子胚胎发生的细胞、分子生化机理的研究进展。为了促进小孢子由配子体发育向孢子体发育途径的转变,常采用物理、生理、化学等处理诱导雄核发育。离体小孢子培养以及有关细胞学和分子生化方面的研究将为明确雄核发育机理提供十分有用的信息。小孢子胚胎发生的细胞学研究已取得了显著进展,并分离鉴定出一些在小麦小孢子胚胎发生时表达的胚胎专一基因,但小孢子胚胎发生的机理尚未完全明确。

Advance on Isolated Microspore Culture of Triticeae Crops

This review provides a historical overview on fundamental process of (isolated) microspore culture of Triticeae crops, including growth and harvest of donor plants, pretreatment of microspore culture, (isolation) and purification methods, factors influencing (embryogenesis) and regeneration of (embryoid). A (current) (understanding) of the cellular, molecular and biochemical events associated with microspore (embryogenesis) is also presented. Under most circumstance, physical, physiological and/or chemical stress treatments need to be employed to trigger androgenesis, so that switch microspore from gametophytic (development) to a sporophytic pathway. Isolated microspore culture and studies of cellular, molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to microspore (embryogenesis) have yielded useful information for both (understanding) androgenesis and improving the efficiency of doubled haploid production. A great deal of progress has been made thus far in the (understanding) of (embryogenesis) at the cellular level, meanwhile, a few (embryoid-specific) genes temporally expressed during microspore (embryogenesis) have been identified in wheat, however, the precise mechanisms for microspore (embryogenesis) need a further research.