和田河中下游生态环境特征及公路工程保护

和田河中下游具典型的人陆沙漠性气候特征。近40a来．该地区年降水量虽略有增长．年均沙尘暴和浮尘天数微弱下降,但河水年径流量总体呈减少趋势．和田河携带的人量泥沙成为绿色走廊的沙源。该区十壤质地粗、肥力低、盐碱化强;植被组成简单、结构单一,从河床向两侧具有一定的分带性。在风蚀、水蚀及流沙人侵较强烈的地段,植被多出现败相。所以,和田河中下游生态环境脆弱．公路建设是一种高强度的人类活动,为减少其对和田河中下游生态环境的影响,提出一些针对性保护措施?

Characteristics of the Eco-environment and Protection of the Highway Projects in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Hotan River

It is the typical continental desert climate in the middle and lower reaches of the Hotan River. Since recent 40 years, the annual precipitation here is slightly increased, the occurrence of dust storms and floating dusts is slightly reduced, but the annual runoff volume of the Hotan River is in a reduction trend. The serious silt sediment of the Hotan River is the sand source of the "Green Corridor" in the middle and lower reaches of the Hotan River. Soils in this region are characterized by the coarse texture, poor fertility, and serious salinization or alkalization. The vegetation composition is ordinary, its structure is unitary, and there is a certain zonal distribution away from the river channel to its both sides. The vegetation is degenerated along the river sections where the wind erosion, fluvial erosion and silt sediment are serious. Therefore, the eco-environment in the middle and lower reaches of the Hotan River is vulnerable. Highway construction is a kind of high-intensity human activities, and somemeasures are put forward so as to reduce the impacts on the vulnerable eco-environment in the middle and lower reaches of the Hotan River.