黄土高原长期施肥对小麦产量及土壤肥力的影响

重点分析黄土高原长武试验站长期定位施肥试验地2004年长期施肥对小麦产量、肥料利用率及土壤肥力影响的试验结果,表明:单施磷肥和单施氮肥的产量很低,与对照的产量无明显差异,氮磷钾配施与氮磷配施能显著提高小麦的产量。单施磷肥的磷肥利用率最低,为1%;单施氮肥的氮肥利用率为12.5%;氮磷配施的氮、磷肥利用率均较高,磷肥利用率比单施磷肥提高5.7%,氮肥利用率比单施氮肥提高42.1%。氮磷钾配施较氮磷肥配施的氮肥利用率降低了4.5%,而磷肥利用率升高了2.2%,钾肥的利用率不高,仅为7.3%。单施磷肥只增加土壤磷素含量而降低了氮素含量,单施氮肥能增加土壤中氮素的含量,速效磷含量增加了31%,氮磷肥配施增加了土壤中有机质和氮、磷养分含量。氮、磷配施或氮、磷、钾配施是提高黄土高原小麦产量和土壤肥力的有效措施。

Effects of long-term fertilization on yield of wheat and soil fertility in dry-land of Loess Plateau

This paper studied the effects of long-term fertilization on wheat yield,fertilizer use efficiency(FUE) and soil fertility in the test station of Changwu in Loess Plateau.The results showed that the yield increase and the increase rate of the single application of nitrogenous(N) or phosphorus(P) fertilizer were low,there was no significant difference between the single application of N or P and CK,the combined application of N with P and the combined application of N,P and K could increase the yield significantly.The FUE of P of the single application of phosphorus fertilizer was 1%,which was the lowest;the FUE of N of the single application of nitrogenous fertilizer was 12.5%;the FUE of P of the combined application of N with P significantly increased the FUE of P and N.Compared with the combined application of N with P,the combined application of N,P and K increased the FUE of P by 2.2%,but declined the FUE of N by 4.5%;the FUE of K of the combined application of N,P and K was 7.3%,which was low.The single application of phosphorus fertilizer only increased soil P,but declined soil N;the single application of nitrogenous fertilizer increased soil N and increased available P by 31%,and the combined application of N with P increased soil organic matter,soil N and P.The potassium fertilizer had no effect on the yield increase in dry-land of Loess Plateau.