黄土高原长期施肥对小麦产量及肥料利用率的影响

为给旱地小麦合理施肥提供依据，在20年长期定位试验的基础上，研究了不同施肥处理对小麦产量及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明，化肥能显著提高小麦产量，单施磷肥产量增加85．8kg／ha，增幅6．8％；单施氮肥增产352．8kg／ha，增幅28．0％；氮磷配施增产2262．2kg／ha，增幅179．7％。有机肥处理增产显著，单施有机肥增产1954．2kg／ha；在施有机肥的基础上，施氮肥增产9．8％，施磷肥增产17．1％，施氮磷肥增产15．5％。长期化肥单施肥料利用率较低，单施氮肥的氮肥利用率为16．0％，单施磷肥的磷肥利用为7．0％。氮磷配合施用，小麦吸氮、磷、钾量显著增加，氮、磷肥利用率分别增加21．2和6．9个百分点。氮、磷和有机肥处理的小麦吸氮量比氮磷处理增加18.2kg/ha,吸磷量增加4.1kg/ha,吸钾量增加8.3kg/ha。

Effect of Long-term Application of Fertilizer on Wheat Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Loess Plateau

The effect of fertilization on wheat yield and fertilizer use efficiency(FUE) was studied based on 20 years long-term experiment on Loess Plateau.The results showed that: P application can increase wheat yield by 152.0 kg/ha and nitrogen application can increase wheat yield by 256.3 kg/ha.Compared with P application,the combination of N and P application can increase the wheat yield by 1 780.1 kg/ha.The combination of N,P and manure can increase wheat yield by 1 872.1 kg/ha(about 54.7%).The fertilizer use efficiency(F U E) was low when only one kind of fertilizer was applied.The combination of N and P can increase the absorbed amounts of N,P_2O_5 and K_2O,significantly.Compared with single application of fertilizer,the compination of N and P can increase FUE of N and P by 21.2 and 6.9 percentage points.Compared with the combination of N and P,the N uptake increase 18.2 kg/ha,P uptake increase 4.1 kg/ha,K uptake increase 8.3 kg/ha when applying the combination of N,P and manure.