我国水土保持生态修复及其存在的问题

生态修复是迅速有效治理水土流失的新措施,其主要做法分为两类:一类是修复措施,包括封山禁牧、封育保护,退耕还林(草),造林种草等;另一类是保障措施,包括以粮代赈、舍饲养畜、生态移民、建设高标准农田、能源替代、调整产业结构等。我国生态修复存在的主要问题是:短期行为,科技支撑不够;模式单一,管理落后;配套资金不足,支持措施不力等。应通过广泛宣传,树立长期坚持的意识,并加强科研、创新政策,建立多层次投入机制,以确保生态修复的可持续发展。

Soil and Water Conservation Ecological Rehabilitation and Its Existing Problems in China

Ecologic rehabilitation is a new measure for quick and effective management of soil and water loss.The main practice can be divided into two categories.a) Rehabilitation measures: It includes grazing ban,closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation,letting cultivated land revert to woodland(grassland) and planting trees and grasses;b) Safeguard measures: It includes giving relief by providing grain,pen feeding,ecologic resettlement,building high-standard farmland,energy substitution and restructuring industrial structure.The main problems existed in China ecologic rehabilitation are short-term behavior and insufficient scientific support;single pattern and backward management and;incomplete measures.It should ensure the sustainable development of ecologic rehabilitation through widely dissemination,acquiring awareness of long-term persistence,strengthening scientific research and innovation policies and establishing multi-level input mechanism.