黄河流域泥沙配置状况及其资源化

 通过分析黄河流域水沙运动过程和水沙分布特点,给出了流域泥沙配置单元,指出流域泥沙配置单元的配置量随着流域治理工程实施、径流条件等不断变化;1950—1999年,流域水土保持滞沙、水库拦沙、河道滞沙、两岸引沙用沙、河口淤积与入海泥沙等配置单元年均配置沙量占流域产沙量(17.63亿t)的14.24%、14.05%、12.19%、10.56%和50.77%;阐述了水库拦沙多、河道淤积严重是黄河流域泥沙配置现状不合理的主要原因,指出流域水沙资源优化配置和泥沙资源化是维护黄河健康的重要途径;结合黄河下游长期泥沙处理与利用的经验和教训,总结了黄河下游泥沙资源化的主要途径,包括淤临淤背、河道治理与河槽维护、引洪淤灌与土壤改良、灌区堆沙高地农田化、建筑材料转化、河口泥沙造地和疏浚泥沙利用、湿地塑造等。

Allocation and utilization of sediment resource in the Yellow River Basin

Through analysizing the movement process and distribution of water and sediment in the Yellow River Basin,the allocation units in the basin were stated with their characteristics of sediment distribution.The allocation units include basin trapping sediment by soil and water conservation,reservoir sedimentation,river bed sedimentation,diversion sediment（included warping sediment for reinforcing dikes）,estuarine and ocean sediment,which changes with implementation of harnessing projects and runoff condition in the basin.From 1950 to 1999,the average annual amounts of the basin trapping sediment by soil and water conservation,reservoir sedimentation,river bed sedimentation,diversion sediment,estuarine and ocean sediment are 251×106 tons,248×106 tons,215×106 tons,186×106 tons and 895×108 tons respectively,which are 14.24%,14.05%,12.19%,10.56% and 50.77% of the whole annual sediment yield in the basin（which is 1 763×106 tons） respectively.It was stated that some problems for the sediment allocation are much sedimentation in reservoir and river channel.And it is pointed that it is an important way to carry on optimum allocation of water and sediment resources and sediment utilization as a kind of natural resource in basin for maintaining river health of the Yellow River.According to long term practices in sediment harnessing and utilization,some ways of sediment utilization as a kind of natural resource are suggested as follows： dike consolidation with warping,land formation with sediment and comprehensive utilization of dredged sediment at the estuary,building material from sediment,utilization of diversion sediment（included warping for the barren land）,highland reclamation with dredged sediment in irrigation systems,river regulation and protection of the stable channel,wetland formation with sediment and so on.