农村学生高等教育选择的个体异质性影响及长期收入回报研究

高等教育进入大众化阶段,但高校中农村学生比例偏低。利用CFPS 2012年的调查数据,采用Logit回归方法,从个体特征、家庭特征和区位特征三个维度系统分析个体异质性对农村学生高等教育选择的影响,进而在控制个体差异的基础上,采用PSM方法测度农村高等教育的收入回报,设定不同的年龄分组,研究高等教育的长期收入回报,并分析东中西部农村高等教育的长期收入回报是否存在区域上的差异。结果表明,健康状况、医疗保险、智力、理解能力、外貌、父母学历和家庭地位等特征显著影响农村学生是否接受高等教育的选择;接受高等教育的农村个人收入要高于不接受高等教育时的收入;从长期来看,接受高等教育和没有接受高等教育的农村个人之间的收入差异随着年龄的增长呈现不断上升的趋势;西部地区高等教育对农村个人收入的长期影响显现得最早,中部地区次之,东部地区最晚。在此基础上,为缩小教育差距、实现高等教育公平,提出教育资源投入向农村落后地区倾斜、高校针对农村贫困学生制定合理的教育补助规模、农村家庭转变传统封闭的教育观念鼓励子女接受高等教育的政策建议。

Study of the influence of individual heterogeneity on the choice of higher education by rural students and the long-term income return to higher education

The proportion of college students from rural area is very small, though higher education in China has entered into the stage of massification. Based on the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data collected in 2012 and applying the Logit model, this paper analyzed the influence of individual heterogeneity on the choice of higher education by rural students from three dimensions, including individual characteristics, family characteristics, and location characteristics. And the propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to measure the income return to higher education for rural students after controlling individual heterogeneity. Additionally, this paper also examined the long-term income return to higher education by analyzing rural income of different ages and discussed whether there is regional difference in the long-term income return to higher education of rural students among eastern, central and western regions. Results show that 1) individual characteristics, including health status, medical insurance, intelligence, understanding, appearance, degree of parents, and family status, influenced higher education choice significantly; 2) in general, rural individuals with higher education earned more than those without higher education while considering heterogeneity; 3) in the long run, income differences between rural individuals receiving higher education and not receiving higher education had a rising trend with age; and 4) the long-term impact of higher education on personal income in the west appears earliest, followed by the central, and the east. Based on the above analysis, to reduce the gap between rural and urban areas and to provide fair education opportunity for rural students, this paper suggests that rural and poor areas should receive more educational resources, universities should allocate more reasonable education fund for rural students, and rural families should change their traditional ideology and encourage children to receive higher education.