温度、光照和土壤含水量对大豆胞囊线虫休眠卵孵化的影响

研究在实验室条件下不同温度,不同光照和不同土壤含水量对大豆胞囊线虫(SCN)休眠卵孵化的影响.分别测定了5个温度梯度下(18℃、21℃、24℃、27℃和30℃),7个光照条件下(0/24 h,4/20 h,8/16 h,12/12 h,16/8h,20/4 h和24/0 h)和7个土壤含水量(1%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%)条件下SCN休眠卵的孵化情况.结果表明:在供试温度18～30℃之间,休眠卵的孵化总量随温度升高而增加,30℃下孵化数量最大,达1316.33条.全光照处理的孵化量最大,达745.00条,4L/20D、12L/12D和20L/4D次之,而全黑暗处理的孵化量最少,仅为102.00条.土壤含水量在1%～30%之间,含水量为15%时孵化数量最大,达265.33,含水量在1%～15%时,孵化量随含水量的增加而增加,当含水量大于15%时,孵化量随含水量增加反而降低.研究证实在SCN休眠期可以通过提高温度增加光照时间来诱导卵孵化,以提高J2孵化数量,采用休眠胞囊接种应注意调节土壤含水量.

Effect of Temperature,Illumination and Soil Water Content on Hatching of Dormant Eggs of Soybean Cyst Nematode

The effects of temperature,illumination and soil water content on dormant eggs of Heterodera glycine were studied in lab. Hatching of the eggs were assayed under 5 tested temperatue( 18℃ ,21℃,24℃ ,2℃ and 30℃) ,7 tested illumination conditions(0/24 h,4/20 h,8/16 h, 12/12 h,16/8 h,20/4 h and 24/0 h)and7 kinds of soil water contents(1% ,5% , 10% ,15% ,20% ,25% and 30% ) , respectively. Total number of hatched J2 increased with increasing of temperature a-mong 18 - 3℃ ,and reached 1316. 33 under condition of 30X. . Amount of hatched J2 of full illumination treatment reached 745.00,followed by treatments of 4L/20D,12L/12D and 20L/4D,and that of full dark treatment was the least. Among all water content treatments, hatched J2 reached the most under 15 % water content, however the amount of hatched J2 reduced when tested water content over 15% . It is concluded that eggs hatching can be induced by high temperature and long illumination, while regulating soil water content is necessary to inoculation with dormant cysts to soybean.