黑龙江省耕地土壤养分贫瘠化研究

在Arcgis空间分析功能和SPSS数理统计功能支持下,利用隶属度模型、层次分析法、综合指数模型、障碍度诊断模型、叠加法等方法,分析黑龙江省耕地土壤养分贫瘠化状况与区域生态问题,诊断识别耕地土壤养分障碍因子与最佳量化表征性指标,空间表达土壤养分障碍类型区。结果表明:(1)全省70.58%耕地处于轻度及以上土壤养分贫瘠程度,从西南到东北逐渐减弱,其中重度贫瘠区主要分布在松嫩平原西部,占耕地面积的2.95%,农田生态问题是土壤沙化严重,中度贫瘠区主要分布在松嫩平原中部构造上属于断陷的中央凹陷区、三江平原西北部处于山前平原向平原的过渡带,占耕地面积的41.09%,农田生态共性问题为易积水,其中松嫩平原还存在土壤盐渍化问题,轻度贫瘠区主要分布在松嫩平原东部、东北和东南地区,少量分布在三江平原西部、西北和西南部,占耕地面积的26.54%,农田生态问题是水土流失;(2)有机质和全氮是区域土壤养分贫瘠化的主要障碍因素,累积占比达88.37%;(3)有机质是耕地土壤养分贫瘠化指数及养分因子含量最佳量化表征性指标;(4)区域47.92%的耕地存在中度及以上障碍因子,障碍类型区共计14类,以双因素MC-MN,三因素MC-MN-MP、MC-MN-MK占比最大,累积占比率为39.84%。

Study of soil nutrient depletion in cultivated land of Heilongjiang Province

With the support of Arcgis spatial analysis function and SPSS mathematical statistics function, using the methods of membership model, analytic hierarchy process, comprehensive index model, obstacle degree diagnosis model, superposition method and so on, this study analyzed the status of soil nutrient depletion and regional ecological problems in the cultivated land of Heilongjiang Province, diagnosed and identified soil nutrient barrier factors and optimal quantification indicators, spatially expressed regions with soil nutrient obstacle. The results are as follows: (1) 70.58% of the whole province is in slight or above soil nutrient deficiency, which is gradually weakening from the southwestern to the northeastern regions, in that the severe barren area is mainly distributed in the west of Songnen Plain accounting for 2.95% of the cultivated land, and the ecological problem of farmland is the severe desertification of the soil. The moderate infertile area is mainly distributed in the central sag area of fault in the middle part of Songnen Plain. The northwestern Sanjiang Plain is located in the transitional zone from the Piedmont Plain to the Plain. This accounts for 41.09% of the cultivated land. Soil salinization also exists in the Songnen Plain, the mildly infertile areas are mainly distributed in the eastern, northeastern, and southeastern region of the Songnen Plain and a small portion is in the western area, northwest and southwest of Sanjiang Plain accounting for 26.54% of cultivated land in the region. The ecological problem of farmland is soil erosion; (2) Organic matter content and total nitrogen are the main limiting factors of soil nutrient depletion in the region that accounted for 88.37%; (3) Organic matter content is the best quantitative indicator of soil nutrient depletion and nutrient quantification index; (4) 47.92% of the cultivated land have moderate or greater obstacle factors, and 14 types of obastacle region were found. The factors of MC-MN-MP, MC-MN-MK and MC-MN accounted for the largest portion, 39.84%, of the areas.