生物质炭对土壤硝态氮淋洗的影响

在过去10年中，施用生物质炭降低氮素淋洗正逐渐成为研究热点。为全面总结分析生物质炭在降低农田土壤硝态氮淋洗方面的影响，本文收集了2010-2016年在中国知网和Web of science上发表的相关中英文文献41篇，采用加权平均法对数据进行处理。结果表明：在农业生产过程中，86%的研究数据表明施入生物质炭可降低土壤硝态氮淋洗，且降低比例随生物质炭施入量的增加而升高。同时，98.2%的研究数据显示生物质炭的施入可以减少土壤水分淋溶体积，平均降幅达10.0%。生物质炭的施用效果以在中性土壤（pH=6.48）为最佳，硝态氮的淋失减少量达30.7%。研究表明，生物质炭可以降低土壤硝态氮的淋洗，平均降幅达24.6%，其淋洗效果主要与生物质炭施用量及原材料有关，此外土壤类型、土壤酸碱度等也是相关影响因素。但是目前关于生物质炭对硝态氮淋洗的研究主要集中在室内土柱模拟，未来仍需长期的田间定位试验来进一步验证其作用效果。

Effect of biochar amendment on nitrogen leaching in soils

For the last decades, there has been an increasing interest in using biochar to reduce nitrogen leaching. In order to comprehensively summarize the influence of biochar application on NO₃^--N leaching, 41 papers published were collected and the data were analyzed by weighted average method. 86% of the research data indicated that biochar application could reduce soil NO₃^--N leaching, and the reduction percentage increased with the increasing amount of biochar application. 98.2% of the data showed that the application of biochar could reduce the leaching volume of soil water, and the averaged reduction rate was 10.0%. Greater responses were found in neutral soil(pH=6.48), the percentage of leaching loss of nitrate nitrogen was reduced by 30.7%. The results showed that the biochar could reduce the leaching of soil NO₃^--N with 24.6%, and its leaching effect was mainly related to biochar application rates and the raw materials, in addition, the soil type, soil pH and so on were also influential factors. However, the current researches were focused on soil column, long-term field studies still needed to verify its effect in the future.