害虫对新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗药性及其治理策略

烟碱和新烟碱类杀虫剂都是作为后突触烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)的激动剂作用于昆虫中枢神经系统,但这两类杀虫剂存在明显不同的选择毒性:烟碱类对哺乳动物毒性较高,而杀虫活性低;新烟碱类具有高杀虫活性,而对哺乳动物低毒。由于新烟碱类杀虫剂的作用方式独特,对以前使用的如拟除虫菊酯类、氯化烃类、有机磷类和氨基甲酸酯类等杀虫剂很少或无交互抗性,该类杀虫剂为防治一些世界性重大害虫(包括对以前使用的杀虫剂具有长期抗性的害虫)作出了重要贡献。但现已发现不少害虫对新烟碱类杀虫剂产生了抗性。文章就害虫对新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗性概况、抗性机理和抗性治理策略进行了综述。

Resistance of Insect Pests to Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Management Strategies

Both nicotinoids and neonicotinoids act on the insect central nervous system as agonists of the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs),but there is a distinct difference between the selective toxicity of two groups.Nicotinoids are high toxicity to mammals,while rather limited in insecticidal activity.On the other hand,neonicotinoids possess highly insecticidal toxicity and low toxicity to mammals.As a result of this mode of action,there is little or no cross-resistance to insecticides used in former times such as pyrethroids,chlorinated hydrocarbons,organophosphates and carbamates.Neonicotinoid insecticides have made a great contribution to managing some of the most destructive crop pests in the world,including species with a long history of resistance to earlier-used products.To date, neonicotinoids have proved relatively resilient to the development of resistance. Current status,mechanisms of neonicotiniod resistance and resistance-management strategies were reviewed.