基于人工病圃筛选和分子标记辅助的棉花抗黄萎病育种方法研究与应用

以抗病性较强的中植372为研究对象,和陆地棉感病品种军棉1号配制组合构建F2作图群体,筛选到和黄萎病抗性紧密连锁的SSR标记NAU1269。选育过程中,以中植372为父本或者母本,通过人工黄萎病病圃对种间杂交、回交、加代选育以及再杂交的材料进行了抗病性筛选,同时每代育种材料均对黄萎病抗性紧密连锁的SSR标记NAU1269进行跟踪检测,筛选出与黄萎病抗病性状紧密连锁的亲本及其后代材料,进而培育出抗黄萎病、产量高、品质优良的中植棉2号、新植5号、中植棉6号、中植棉8号等10余个国审及省审抗(耐)黄萎病棉花新品种。对育成的品种进行检测发现,中植2棉号、中植6棉号、中植8棉号和新植5号均能够检测到与黄萎病抗性紧密连锁的SSR标记NAU1269和已报道的抗黄萎病的分子标记NAU828和NAU1225,而且这3个标记在各个品种材料之间呈共显性分离。结果表明,基于人工病圃筛选和分子标记辅助育种相结合是选育棉花抗黄萎病材料可行、高效的育种方法。

Studies on the Methods for Cotton Resistant Breeding to Verticillium Wilt by the Screen of Disease Nursery and Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection

An intras pecific cr oss between the resistance cultivar Gossypium hirsutun cv. Zhongzhi372 and Gossypium hirsutum cv. Junmian1 was developed for map construction. The F2 population was genotyped with the SSR markers which were reported in previous and the molecular marker NAU1269 that linked to Verticillium wilt resistance was identified. In breeding process, cv. Zhongzhi372 was used as maternal or paternal to cross with other cotton cultivars through backcross, additive selection or cross breeding methods. The resistance progeny was further screened by disease nursery and tracked with NAU1269 molecular marker. After these processes, more than 10 resistant cultivars to Verticillium wilt were obtained, such as cv. Zhongzhimian2, cv. Xinzhi5, cv. Zhongzhimian6 and cv. Zhongzhimian8. The genotyping analysis showed that NAU1269 and other two molecular markers NAU828 and NAU1225 reported to link to Verticillium wilt resistance can be detected and showed could codominant inheritance in cv. Zhongzhimian2, cv. Zhongzhimian6, cv. Zhongzhimian8 and cv. Xinzhi5. These results indicated that disease nursery and molecular marker-assisted selection should be a feasible and efficient method for cotton resistance breeding to Verticillium wilt.