小麦抗条锈基因Yr52在品种改良中的应用

【目的】 评价小麦高温成株期（high temperature adult plant,HTAP）抗条锈病基因Yr52在生产中的应用价值,选育出农艺性状优良并高抗小麦条锈病品系,为充分利用现有高温成株期抗病资源、提高相关产量性状奠定基础。【方法】 通过回交和自交结合分子标记辅助选择育种方法,将小麦抗条锈病基因Yr52转育到轮选987（LX987）、百农矮抗58（AK58）和邯6172（H6172）中。在四川绵阳和陕西杨凌鉴定圃,用小麦条锈菌流行生理小种CYR32、CYR33和CYR34混合侵染,鉴定抗病基因载体品系和受体品种以及它们的高代家系的成株期抗病性。比对中国春参考基因组,结合Yr52两翼SSR分子标记Xcfa2040（6.8 cM-Yr52）和Xbarc182（1.2 cM-Yr52）,在目标基因物理区间内寻找35K SNP芯片标记,并开发成dCAPS和KASP分子标记,对BC₂F_5:6高代群体进行抗条锈病基因Yr52的检测。【结果】 抗病性鉴定和农艺性状评价表明,在19个具LX987背景的BC₂F_5:6家系中,抗条锈性表现为高抗（IT=0—3,DS=1%—20%）有11个,中抗（IT=4—6,DS=15%—30%）有8个,平均千粒重（TKW）、每穗穗粒数（KPS）、单株有效分蘖（PTN）、株高（PH）和穗长（SL）分别为45.33 g、46粒、7个、113.26 cm和10.05 cm。4个具AK58背景BC₂F_5:6家系全部表现高抗（IT=0—3,DS=5%—25%）;平均TKW、KPS、PTN、PH和SL分别为44.67 g、48粒、7个、96.54 cm和10.17 cm。5个具H6172背景的BC₂F_5:6家系全部表现高抗（IT=0—3,DS=5%—20%）;平均TKW、KPS、PTN、PH和SL分别为43.74 g、49粒、8个、109.72 cm和10.06 cm。分子标记检测结果表明,Yr52两翼连锁的分子标记Xbarc182、Xcfa2040和Xwmc557在后代群体中的检出率分别为78.57%、66.67%和66.67%,并成功开发出1个dCAPS标记Xdcaps-Yr52-1和1个KASP标记Xkasp-Yr52-1,两者在群体中的检出率分别为73.68%和41.67%。通过比较高抗（IT=0—3）与中抗（IT=4—6）水平家系的农艺性状,结果表明,IT在0—3的家系平均TKW（P>0.05）、PTN（P>0.05）和KPS（P<0.05）高于中抗水平的家系。结合各亲本抗病性和农艺性状筛选出PH为80—105 cm、PTN≥6个、KPS≥45粒、TKW≥42 g、SL≥8 cm的材料共5份。【结论】 Yr52仍对当前主要流行小种具有成株期抗性;将Yr52导入中国主栽感病小麦品种中,选育出综合抗病性和农艺性状良好的高代材料可用于培育多基因聚合的品种,丰富抗病基因的多样性,并实现持久利用。

Application of Yr52 Gene in Wheat Improvement for Stripe Rust Resistance

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to evaluate the application value of the high temperature adult plant (HTAP) resistance gene Yr52 in wheat production for improving stripe rust resistance. And wheat lines with good agronomic characters and high disease resistance were developed and selected. It laid a foundation for making full use of the existing HTAP resistance resources and improving the yield related traits.【Method】 The stripe rust resistance gene Yr52 was introgressed to Lunxuan 987 (LX987), Bainong Aikang 58 (AK58) and Han 6172 (H6172) by backcrossing and self-crossing combined with marker-assisted selection breeding. Adult-plant resistance of donor parent, receptor cultivars and their progeny lines were evaluated in the disease nursery fields at Mianyang, Sichuan and Yangling, Shaanxi by mixed endemic physiological races CYR32, CYR33 and CYR34. In comparison to the Chinese Spring reference genome, the flanking SSR markers Xcfa2040 (6.8 cm-Yr52) and Xbarc182 (1.2 cm-Yr52) of Yr52 were combined to search for markers of 35K SNP chip in the physical interval of target genes, and developed into derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (dCAPS) and kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers. The resistance gene Yr52 was detected in BC₂F_5:6 progeny lines.【Result】 The evaluation of adult plant resistance and agronomic traits indicated that nineteen BC₂F_5:6 lines with LX987 background was obtained: Among of them, 11 were high resistance (IT=0-3, DS=1%-20%), 8 were moderate resistance (IT=4-6, DS=15%-30%), the average thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernels per spike (KPS), productive tiller number per line (PTN), plant height (PH) and spike length (SL) was 45.33 g, 46, 7, 113.26 cm and 10.05 cm, respectively. Four BC₂F_5:6 families with AK58 background: all showed high resistance (IT=0-3, DS=5%-25%); the average TKW, KPS, PTN, PH and SL were 44.67 g, 48, 7, 96.54 cm and 10.17 cm, respectively. Five BC₂F_5:6 lineages with H6172 background showed high resistance to stripe rust (IT=0-3, DS=5%-20%). The average TKW, KPS, PTN, PH and SL were 43.74 g, 49, 8, 109.72 cm and 10.06 cm, respectively. The detection rate of three simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers Xbarc182, Xcfa2040 and Xwmc557 linked to Yr52, in offspring population were 78.57%, 66.67% and 66.67%, respectively. One dCAPS marker Xdcaps-Yr52-1 and one KASP marker Xkasp-Yr52-1 were successfully developed, and the detection rates were 73.68% and 41.67%, respectively. The agronomic traits of lines with high (IT=0-3) and medium (IT=4-6) resistance levels were compared. The results showed that the average TKW (P>0.05), PTN (P>0.05) and KPS (P<0.05) of lines with IT=0-3 were higher than those of families with moderate resistance level lines (IT=4-6). Five lines with disease resistance and stable agronomic traits were selected by evaluated of PH=80-105 cm, PTN≥6,KPS≥45, TKW≥42 g, SL≥8 cm.【Conclusion】 Yr52 was found to be resistant to all of the present predominant races in the adult plant stage. After introgression Yr52 into the main susceptible Chinese wheat varieties, the progeny lines with good disease resistance and agronomic characters could be used for breeding resistance varieties with multi-gene polymerization, it is enriching for the diversity of disease resistance genes and achieving durable utilization. The development of molecular markers will facilitate detect the utilization of Yr52 gene in resistance identification of germplasm in the future.