不同生育时期浇水对小麦生长发育和产量的影响

探索不同生育时期浇水对小麦生长发育和产量的影响,为预防豫南地区小麦湿害、渍害提供科学依据。在大田条件下,以瑞星1号为材料,采取人工连续浇水创造过湿条件,研究在冬前、越冬期、返青期、孕穗期、灌浆中期、灌浆后期至成熟期浇水对小麦生长发育、群体动态和产量的影响。结果表明:不同生育时期浇水对小麦生长发育的影响不同。冬前、返青期浇水,小麦叶龄、分蘖及次生根的数目减少;冬前、返青期、孕穗期、灌浆中期和灌浆后期浇水,单位面积干物质量较对照分别降低11.2%、7.3%、14.7%、22.0%和13.4%;各处理的群体总茎数在起身期达到高峰,随后总茎数下降,孕穗至成熟期群体总茎数基本稳定。冬前浇水,小麦最高群体总茎数较对照低12.2%,差异显著。返青期浇水,小麦最高群体总茎数较对照高14.7%,差异显著。越冬期、孕穗期、灌浆中期和灌浆后期浇水,小麦群体最高总茎数较对照差异不显著,返青期浇水成穗率最低。冬前、返青期、孕穗期、灌浆中期和灌浆后期浇水,产量分别比对照低8.1%、3.3%、10.9%、8.6%和9.0%,差异显著。越冬期浇水,产量和未浇水对照差异不显著。

Effects of Irrigation at Different Growth Stages on Growth and Yield of Wheat

In order to explore wheat growth and population development rule after continuous irrigation, solving heat moisture damage and waterlogging problems in southern Henan province, the effect of continuous irrigation on the growth,population development and yield of wheat were studied with wheat cultivar Rising 1 as the testing material in priming winters stage,wintering stage,returning green stage and booting stage,filling stage and maturity stage. Wet conditions were created by using artificial continuous irrigation. The results indicated that the effect of continuous irrigation at different growth stages were not consistent,the continuous irrigation were done at returning green stage and booting stage,wheat leaf age, tillering and secondary roots number had a significant reduction;the continuous irrigation were done at priming winters stage,returning green stage,booting stage,mid and end filling stage,the dry weight per unit area was decreased by 11 . 2%, 7 . 3%, 14 . 7%, 22 . 0% and 13 . 4% compared with control respectively. The total stem number of treatments was in peak at returning green stage,and basically stable from booting stage to mature stage. The continuous irrigation was done at priming winters stage,the total stem number significantly decreased by 12. 2% compared with control. The continuous irrigation was done at returning green stage,the highest total stem number significantly decreased by 14. 7% compared with control. The continuous irrigation were done at wintering stage,booting stage,filling stage,the total stem number was not significant different compares with control,and the earring-tiller rate was the lowest when irrigation was done at booting stage. The continuous irrigation were done at priming winters stage,booting stage,filling stage in the early and marture stage,wheat yield significantly decreased by 8. 1%,3. 3%, 10. 9%,8. 6% and 9. 0% compared with control respectively. The continuous irrigation were done at wintering stage,the wheat yield had not a significant difference compared with control.