南繁条件下东北春大豆杂交成功率的提高

为了加快育种进程，拓宽新品种的遗传基础，提高大豆在南繁条件下的杂交结实率，本研究选用7个东北春大豆早熟品种，在海南三亚进行光照处理和杂交技术试验，观察供试品种在长日照(18 h)处理和三亚自然短日照条件下植株形态、生长发育进程、花器官特征和花粉育性的变化，并研究光照处理、母本是否去雄和母本花蕾大小对杂交效果的影响。结果表明，海南冬季自然短日照致使大豆开花持续时间缩短，株高、花朵数量和单花重量降低，花朵及其各组成部分变小(P<0.01)，花粉败育率上升(P<0.01)。以自然短日照处理植株作母本、长日照处理的材料作父本，在母本植株上选大花蕾，采用不去雄杂交，获得64.36%的杂交结实率，可基本满足杂交育种的需要。基于试验结果，提出了南繁条件下提高大豆杂交成功率的综合技术方案。

Improvement of Hybridization Success Rate in Soybean from Northeast China during Winter Nursing in Hainan Island

To accelerate the soybean breeding progress and to broaden the genetic basis of new varieties, it is necessary to improve the hybrid seed-setting rate of soybean during winter nursing. Seven early-maturing soybean varieties from northeast China were selected in hybridization experiments with photoperiod treatments in Sanya, Hainan, China. Morphological traits, growth and development periods, floral organ characteristics and pollen fertility were observed or documented under long day (LD, 18 h) treatment and normal short day (NSD) conditions, respectively. At the same time, the effects of light treatment, emasculation of the female parent, and flower bud size on the hybridization were investigated. The results showed that under the NSD environment in Sanya, the flowering period and plant height shortened, the flower number and single floral weight decreased, the flower and its constituents became smaller, and the pollen sterility rate increased (P<0.01) as compared with those under LD treatment (P<0.01), Taking the plants with big flower bud under NSD as the female parent, and the plants under LD treatment as the male parent, we made the crosses and pollinated without emasculation, with the hybrid seed-setting rate of 64.36%, which is high enough for breeding purpose. According to the results, we propose the solution for improving the hybrid success rate of soybean in winter nursery.