籼稻半同胞全同胞二元不育系的研究

为了解决三系法水稻杂种优势利用中繁殖制种的产量与质量问题，本研究通过借鉴杂交玉米中的成功经验，用不育系的姊妹系来配制二元不育系。试验结果表明：（1）所配制二元不育系不育度为100％，其套袋自交结实率都为零，花粉败育类型以典败和圆败为主，个别二元不育系有少量染败现象；（2）二元不育系的农艺性状比亲本不育系有了一定的改良；（3）部分二元不育系的开花及异交习性得到了一定的改良。一般二元不育系开颖数量高于其对照亲本不育系，但开颖比例互有高低。大部分二元不育系表现花期集中。半同胞二元不育系在包颈度、柱头外露率方面，较对照母本不育系均有较大改良。全同胞二元不育系改良不明显。

Studies on Half-sibling and Full-sibling Binary CMS Lines in Indica Rice

To raise hybrid rice seed product,quality and F_1 heterosis level,from 1999 to 2001,20 half-sibling and full-sibling binary CMS(BCMS) lines were studied to observe their blooming characteristics and outcrossing characters comparing with their parent CMS lines,and 40 triple-cross hybrids using 9965 and 838 as restoring lines were also studied.Results are as following:(1) All BCMS lines were as thoroughly sterile as their parent CMS lines.(2) Positive heterosis over better parent in panicles per plant and spikelets per panicle and the better floral characters in most BCMS lines was obvious.(3) Comparing with their parent CMS,the blooming peak of most of the BCMS lines was much more obvious,and the daily flowering time of BCMS concentrated too.The degree of neck being wrapped of BCMS lines was more lessoned and the stigma exsertion rate much more improved.Therefore,practice of corn using sibling lines to formulate improved single-cross hybrid mey be referred,and sibling line of the CMS line may be used to formulate BCMS.This will not only improved the level of rice heterosis,increase the output of seed production and reproduction,but can also control the scale and quality of seed production of hybrid rice by controlling the B_1 maintain line,product the breeding's patent,and make the hybrid rice a furtherly development.