不同土地利用方式对陕西黄河湿地土壤水分物理性质的影响

目的]研究不同土地利用方式对陕西黄河湿地土壤水分物理性质的影响。方法]以陕西黄河湿地为研究区域,通过对不同土地利用方式下湿地土壤水分物理性质的比较,研究了湿地退化过程中土壤水分物理性质及其变异规律。结果]在不同土地利用方式下,黄河湿地从河滩湿地、开垦湿地（农田）到因盐碱化最终废弃后的退化过程中,土壤容重均随着土壤深度的增加而增大,土壤容重的平均值分别为1.474、1.522、1.593g/cm3。土壤变得更紧实;土壤孔隙状况（总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度）的各项指标也随着土地利用方式的改变有所降低,其中毛管孔隙和总孔隙随着土地利用方式的改变达到极显著水平,非毛管孔隙也达到显著水平。土壤孔隙度状况的改变而改变,加剧了土壤的退化;3种不同土地利用方式下,土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量、非毛管持水量,表现出相同的规律。与湿地土壤相比,开垦湿地（农田）和废弃盐碱地的最大持水量平均值分别减少了5.7%和22.3%。毛管持水量平均值分别减少了0.2%和19.4%。最小持水量平均值分别减少6.1%和22.2%;3种不同土地利用方式中,河滩湿地的蓄水能力和排水能力均优于开垦湿地（农田）和废弃盐碱地,与河滩湿地相比,开垦湿地（农田）和盐碱化荒地总土壤蓄水能力分别降低了12.4%和15.2%。总的排水能力分别降低了2.7%和15.9%。结论]采取合理措施安排湿地周边集体林地、农田及湿地资源开发关系对黄河湿地保护区涵养水源,调节水分循环和抵御旱涝灾害的能力具有重要作用。

Effect of Different Land Use Patterns on Physical Properties of Soil Water in Yellow River Wetland in Shaanxi Province

Objective] This study was to reveal the effect of different land use patterns on physical characteristics of soil water in the Yellow River wetland in Shaanxi Province.Method]Taking Yellow River wetland in Shaanxi Province as experimental plot,we compared the physical properties of the soil water under different land use patterns and studied the physical properties and the change law of soil water during the wetland degeneration process.Result]Under different land use patterns,soil bulk density rose with the increase of soil depth.During the degeneration process of from river wetland to reclaimed wetland（paddy field）,finally to abandoned land owing to salinization,the mean soil bulk density reduced correspondingly from 1.474 to 1.522 g/cm3,finally to 1.593 g/cm3 when abandoned.Accompanying wetland degeneration,soil became compact increasingly,and the indicators of soil porosity（total porosity,capillary porosity,non-capillary porosity）were also reduced with the change of land use patterns,in which,capillary porosity and total porosity reached the extremely significant level with the change of land use patterns,and non-capillary porosity reached significant level.The changes of soil porosity condition accelerated the deterioration of wetland.Under different land use patterns,the maximum soil moisture capacity,capillary moisture capacity and minimum moisture capacity all showed a similar change law.Compared with wetland,the maximum soil moisture capacity of reclaimed land（paddy field）and salinized land respectively decreased by 5.7% and 22.3%,capillary moisture capacity by 0.2% and 19.4%,minimum moisture capacity by 2.7% and 15.9%.Of the three land use patterns,wetland displayed both higher water holding capacity and water drainage capacity over reclaimed land（paddy field）and salinized land.By comparison with wetland,the reclaimed land（paddy field）and salinized land respectively decreased by 12.4% and 15.2% in total water holding capacity,and by 2.7% and 15.9% in total water drainage capacity.Conclusion]To conserve the water resource in Yellow River wetland,regulate the hydrological cycle and enhance drought and water logging resistances,it should be noted that reasonable countermeasures be taken to exploit the state-owned forest land and paddy field around the wetland and the related resources.