Relationships between internal ethylene and optical reflectance in ripening ‘Antonovka’ apples grown under sunlit and shaded conditions |
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| Authors: | Alexei Solovchenko Liudmila Kozhina Yuri Nazarov Vladimir Gudkovsky |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;2. I.V. Michurin All-Russia Research Institute for Horticulture, Tambov Region, Michurinsk 393760, Russia;1. AgroParisTech, UMR1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, F-75005 Paris, France;2. INRA, UMR1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, F-75005 Paris, France;1. Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;2. Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;1. Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, S3000ZAA, Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 CABA, C1425FQB, Argentina;3. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina;4. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain;5. Research Institute on Water, Climate Change and Sustainability (IACYS), Badajoz, 06006, Spain;1. Telenor Research, Telenor ASA, Snarøyveien 30, N-1331 Fornebu – Oslo, Norway;2. Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway;3. Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, P.O. Box 7004 St. Olavs plass, N-0130 Oslo, Norway;4. Nofima AS, Osloveien 1, P.O. Box 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway;5. University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department Food Science, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Fredriksberg Copenhagen, Denmark;1. College of Information Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China;2. College of Information Science and Engineering, China Ocean University, Qingdao 266100, China;1. Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730043, Gansu, PR China;2. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China;3. Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China |
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| Abstract: | The feasibility of non-destructive estimation of internal ethylene concentration (IEC) in apple fruit via fruit reflectance using recently developed approaches and a fiber-optics reflectometer was investigated. The relationships between IEC and fruit reflectance in the 400–800 nm range were studied in stored apple (Malus × domestica Borkh., cv. Antonovka) fruit. A strong correlation between IEC and optical reflectance spectra taken from sunlit surfaces of the fruit was detected whereas reflectance of the shaded fruit surface showed a weak correlation with IEC. The increase of the reflectance in the red occurred along with IEC build-up during ripening resulting a strong (r2 > 0.80) correlation. By contrast, reflectance in the blue-green part of the spectrum remained low and was negatively (r2 ≈ 0.65) correlated with IEC. These observations are consistent with the phenomenon of degradation of chlorophylls which often occurs in parallel with the retention of carotenoids in ripening apple skin. As a result, IEC showed a significant correlation (r2 > 0.69; P < 0.001) with the index based on reflectances in the red and blue-green regions of the spectrum (R678 ? R480)/R800. The effects of strong solar light on the relationships between IEC and fruit reflectance are considered. The possibilities and limitations of a non-destructive reflectance-based assay of IEC in apple fruit are discussed. |
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