宁夏枸杞生育期干物质与氮磷钾积累动态和养分需求规律

通过对枸杞植株不同物候期各器官干物质与氮磷钾含量的测定,计算出不同物候期枸杞养分需求量,以期为宁夏枸杞营养诊断及精准施肥提供理论依据。以4年生‘宁杞7号’为对象,通过在不同物候期采集整株植株样,测定养分相关指标,经过综合分析发现:宁夏枸杞树随生育进程延续,各器官干物质积累量呈现出主干>根>侧枝>叶片>主枝>果实;根中氮含量呈"W"型变化,主干氮含量呈"上升-下降-上升"趋势,主枝氮含量呈"S"型变化,侧枝氮含量在春梢生长期最高,叶片氮含量在现蕾开花期最高,果实氮含量夏果期高于秋果期;磷含量在春梢生长期最高,主干与主枝磷含量均呈"W"型变化,侧枝磷含量也在春梢生长期最高,叶片磷含量呈"下降-上升-下降"趋势,夏果期果实磷含量高于秋果期;钾含量在春梢生长期最高,主干钾含量呈"M"型变化,主枝、侧枝、叶片中钾含量均呈现"V"型变化,果实钾含量秋果期低于夏果期。当年1883.28 kg·hm^-2鲜果产量下,全物候期植株N、P2O5、K2O需求总量依次为48.15、44.91、63.01 kg·hm^-2,最优配比为1∶0.93∶1.31。推算得出每生产1500 kg·hm^-2干果,宁夏枸杞当年对N、P2O5和K2O总需求量分别为161.07、150.23、210.78 kg·hm^-2。春梢生长期前对磷需求量高,随物候期的延长,氮钾需求量相应增加;夏果期与秋果期,随果实建成、膨大及成熟,氮磷钾需求量均明显增加。

Dynamics of dry matter and nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium accumulation and nutrient requirements in the growing period of Lyceum bararum in Ningxia

The nutrient requirements of Lyceum barbarum in different phenological stages are determined by measuring the dry matter and nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium contents of different organs of the Lyceum barbarum plant in different phenological stages,in order to provide theoretical basis for nutrient diagnosis and precise fertilization of Lyceum barbarumin Ningxia.In this study,the 4-year-old‘Ningqi No.7’is taken as the object,whole plant samples are collected at different phenological stages,and the nutrients related indicators are determined.The comprehensive analysis shows that accumulation of dry matter in the organs of Ningxia Lyceum barbarum tree is:main stem>root>side branch>leaf>main branch>fruit with the growth process.Nitrogen content in the root changes in a"W"shape,nitrogen content in the trunk shows a"rising-down-rising"trend,and nitrogen content in the main branch changes in an"S"shape.The nitrogen content of side branches is the highest during the spring shoot growth period,the leaf nitrogen content is the highest during the budding and flowering stages,and the fruit nitrogen content is higher in the summer fruit stage than in the autumn fruit stage.The content of phosphorus is the highest during the spring shoot growth period,and the phosphorus contents in the trunk and the main branch changes in a"W"type.The content of phosphorus in the lateral branches is also the highest during the spring shoot growth period,and the leaf phosphorus content shows a"down-rising-down"trend.The phosphorus content in summer fruit is higher than that in autumn fruit.The potassium content is the highest in the spring shoot growth period.The potassium content of the trunk showed an"M"type change,and the potassium content of the main branch,side branches,and leaves showed a"V"type change.The potassium content of the fruit is lower in the autumn fruit period than in the summer fruit period.Under the fresh fruit yield of 1883.28 kg·hm^-2in the current year,the total demand for plants N,P2O5,and K2O in the whole phenological period is 48.15,44.91 and 63.01 kg·hm^-2,respectively.The optimal ratio is1∶0.93∶1.31.It is estimated that for every 1500 kg·hm^-2of dried fruit produced,the total demand for N,P2O5,and K2Oby Ningxia Lyceum barbarum in that year is 161.07,150.23 and 210.78 kg·hm^-2.The demand for phosphorus is high before the spring growing season,and the demand for nitrogen and potassium increases with the phenological period;in summer and autumn,the demand for nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium increases significantly with the completion,expansion and maturity of the fruit.