洞庭湖环湖丘岗区土壤动物群落组成及分布

以洞庭湖环湖丘岗区4个生态系统为标准样地研究土壤动物群落的组成、垂直结构及季节性变化。全部调查共获得土壤动物31 298只、30类分别隶属于4门13纲29目。其中,蜱螨类、弹尾类、等翅目、膜翅目、鞘翅成虫和双翅幼虫为最重要类群。被调查的4个生境的土壤动物群落,个体数量变化趋势是:针阔混交林>茶林>竹林>阔叶林,类群数变化趋势是:竹林=茶林>针阔混交林>阔叶林。4个生境土壤动物的个体数和类群数均具有明显的表聚性,并随土层加深动物个体数及类群数递减的规律。土壤动物的多样性以冬季、春季最丰富,夏季最少,季节变化的波动性较大。

The Composition and Distribution of Soil Animal Community in the Hilly Areas Around the Dongting Lake

A comparative study was conducted on the soil animal community composition,vertical structure and the seasonal change of four different ecological systems in the hilly areas around the Dongting Lake.A total of 31 298 of 30 kinds of soil animals were obtained,belonging to 4 phyla,13 classes and 29 orders respectively,among which the most important communities were Acarina,Collmbola,Isoptera,Hymenoptera,Coleoptera and Diptera.The result shows that four types of soil animal communities had different number changing tendencies,both in individual heads and communities(From the biggest to the smallest).For individual heads,they were: mixed needle and broad leaf,tea forest,bamboo forest and broad leaf.As for communities,they were bamboo forest,mixed needle and broad leaf,broad leaf,while tea forest had the same changing tendency with bamboo forest.The four types of the number of individuals and communities have surface-gathering nature.As the soil becomes deeper,its degree decreases and varies greatly with the change of seasons,richest in winter and spring,while rarest in summer.